Human Anatomy 101 Flashcards
Name one muscle that attaches to the iliac crest
external oblique/ internal oblique
What muscle passes through the greater sciatic foramen?
piriformis muscle
What two blood vessels pass through the greater sciatic foramen?
inferior gluteal artery and vein / internal pudendal artery and vein
What four nerves pass through the greater sciatic foramen?
posterior cutaneous nerve of thigh, nerve to quadratus femoris (L4-S1 of sacral plexus), pudendal nerve, sciatic nerve
(mnemonic = PIN/ PINS/ SNIP/ NIP
What artery passes through the lesser sciatic foramen?
pudendal artery and vein
What muscle passes through the lesser sciatic foramen?
obturator internus tendon
What nerve passes through the lesser sciatic foramen?
pudendal nerve
What are examples of an amphiarthrosis secondary cartilaginous joint, and what type of cartilage are they made from?
intervertebral joints/ discs and sacrococcygeal joint, fibrocartilage and hyaline cartilage
What are examples of an amphiarthrosis primary cartilaginous joint, and what type of cartilage are they made from?
epiphyses of long bones and costochondral joints, hyaline
What are some examples of hyaline cartilage?
thyroid, cricoid and trachea
What nerve passes into the true pelvic cavity, anterior to the ala of the sacrum?
lumbosacral nerve trunk
What structures pass through the tarsal tunnel?
calcaneal tendon, flexor hallucis longus tendon, flexor digitorum longus tendon, tibialis posterior tendon, tibial nerve, posterior tibial artery
What structures define the boundaries of the tarsal tunnel?
medial malleolus, calcaneus, flexor retinaculum
What is the interosseous talocalcaneal ligament’s function?
helps to stabilise the subtalar joint along with the cervical ligament. The primary function of the cervical ligament is to resist excessive joint supination whereas the ITC ligament remains taut during pronation.
What is one function/ clinical significance of the plantar aponeurosis/ fascia?
maintains longitudinal arch, protects deeper structures/ plantar fasciitis
What muscle tendons travel, along with the deep fibular nerve and vessels, deep to the extensor retinaculum?
tibialis anterior, extensor hallucis longus, extensor digitorum longus, fibularis tertius
Name the retinaculum that makes up the roof of tarsal tunnel?
flexor retinaculum of the ankle joint
What are two muscles that are innervated by the medial plantar nerve?
abductor hallucis, flexor hallucis brevis, EDB and first lumbrical
What is another name for the plantar calcaneonavicular ligament?
spring ligament
What is the spring ligament’s function?
static restraint of the medial longitudinal arch, it supports the head of the talus from plantar and medial subaxation against the body weight during standing
What is the nerve that winds around the neck of fibula?
common fibular nerve
what vessel continues from the medial end of the subcutaneous dorsal venous arch, just anterior to the medial malleolus?
greater saphenous vein (superficial vein)
Name the muscle tendon that inserts on the tuberosity of the fifth metatarsal bone?
fibularis/ peroneus brevis
Name the muscle tendon that inserts on the tuberosity of the navicular bone?
tibialis posterior tendon
What bony surfaces of the foot make up the calcaneocuboid joint?
anterior surface of the head of calcaneus and the proximal surface of the cuboid
what type of joint is the distal interphalangeal joint?
hinge type of synovial joint
What muscle forms the floor of the popliteal fossa?
popliteus
what is the function of popliteus?
when walking, when the foot is in contact with the ground, the muscle externally rotates the femur on the tibia/ unlocks the extended knee
Identify the calcaneous area innervated by the sural nerve?
lateral leg, border of the ankle and foot
Where does the great saphenous vein drain it’s poorly oxygenated blood?
femoral vein
Name one of the major deep branches of the femoral artery?
deep artery of the thigh, (profunda femoris artery or deep femoral artery)
What makes up the pes anserinus tendon?
consists of the conjoined flattened tendons of the sartorius, gracilis and semitendinosus tendon
What is a continuation of the femoral artery, passing through the adductor hiatus?
popliteal artery
Where does the pes anserinus tendon insert and what is it’s function?
into the proximal tibia and acts as a secondary valgus restricitng something the medial supporting structures of the knee ***
What muscles make up the levator ani?
iliococcygeus, puborectalis, pubococcygeus
What bony structure gives attachment to the sacrospinous ligament?
ischial spine and lateral sacrum
What bony structure gives attachment to the sacrotuberous ligament?
iliac tuberosity and lateral sacrum and coccyx
What bony structure gives attachment to the iliolumbar ligament and what function does it serve?
transverse process vertebra, joins the 4th and 5th lumbar vertebrae to the posterior iliac crest
What is the function of the sacrotuberous, sacrospinous and iliolumbar vertebra together?
stabilisers of the sacroiliac joint and connection of the bony pelvis to the vertebral column
what attaches to the lateral border of the anterior superior iliac spine?
muscle = sartorius muscle/ and part of tensor fasciae latae muscle
ligament = inguinal ligament
Name the type of joint formed by the lunate surface of the acetabulum with the inferiorly positioned articular head of femur?
Multiaxial synovial type of joint
