Test 2 Review: The Romans (ch.5-9) Flashcards
Who were the Etruscans?
The earliest known civilization in Rome and they were ruled by aristocratic kings who’s decedents became the ruling class of Rome
What are the 3 branches of the Roman republic?
① the praetors- (judges and legislators)
② the consuls- (executive branch)
③ the senators (glorified retirement group)
What did the consuls consist of?
The highest officers in Rome; they controlled the military and had finally approval of all laws, and two are chosen every year
Who made up the praetors?
They were the governors of Rome and they could pass laws in serve as judges
What were Senators?
300 elders who served for life, and they could not make laws, but offered wisdom and significant influence to whoever ruled
What is a patrician?
The high social class of Rome they were the land owners and the ruling class
What was a plebeian?
The poor working class of Rome they could not vote hold office, or even Mary into the patricians
What is the twelve tables?
The earliest known Roman laws were engraved in copper, and set the rules of the governing public private and political behavior of every Roman
What are the Punic wars?
The first Punic war was fought between Rome and Carthage over trade in the Mediterranean and control over Sicily, though the cardinal, Jenny and navy was strong. The Roman forces were able to invade Sicily and gain control of the island. The second Punic war Carthage wanted to avenge the loss and assert dominance so it attacked the Italian peninsula, but not from the sea instead from the north.
What happened in the battle of Zama?
In the dispatch, all the Romans finally defeated Hannibal he escapes capture, but is pursued by Romans, and finally kills himself by drinking a vile poison, and says, “let us free Rome from her dread of one old man”
What is a proletariat?
The working class that expands rapidly peasants, who have worked their fields the whole life are kicked off of the land, and forced to find work in the city
What did Roman slavery consist of?
Men and women who were captured in warfare were brought back to Italy as Roman slaves. They labored in fields copper mines in wealthy homes over 200,000 slaves were captured in the Punic wars alone, and Roman slaves led many revolts. The most famous one was Spartacus and 73 BC who freed 70,000 slays and fought Roman officials.
Who was the gracchi brothers and what was their land reform?
The unfair distribution of land cause numerous problems in Rome widespread poverty was among the greatest, so Gaius and Tiberius Gracchus were nobleman that urged the Praters to make laws for land redistribution they wanted to divide the land amongst all the Romans equally, but were killed for even making such a request
Who was Gaius Marius and the populares?
A commander of Roman forces in North Africa he supported intestof the populares, or the common people. He thought Rome should handle the land reform issue and give men jobs in the military. Created his own military system in which he paid the mandirectly and let them keep the spoils of war; this made the soldiers loyal to him instead of Rome
Who was Lucius Sulla and the optimates?
The commander of the Roman forces in Asia mines and the optimates ( the “best men” ) who had health and power ad used the influence of the senate for personal gain
What was the First Triumvirate?
The struggle between Marius and Sulla revealed that the balance of power in the republic had failed. A new political structure was created in response called the triumvirate which was shared power amongst three men and the senate: Marcus, Crassus, Pompey, and Julius Caesar.
What is Marcus Crassus?
Was the richest man in Rome and put down the slave rebellion of Spartacus. He’s soon died in the battle in Syria.
What is/happened in Pompeii?
He was a powerful military commander het supported the optimates and the power of the senate
Who was Julius Caesar and what is he known for?
A strong leader who conquered Gaul and the barbaric lands he supported the populates and the rights of the people
What happened in the Roman civil war (49-47 bc)?
After Crassus dies tension grew between Caesar and Pompey. The senate attend ceaser to surrender his army and allows Pompey to be supreme commander instead ceaser marches on Rome and fought a four yearcivil war against Pompey. Pompey fled to Egypt and center follows him.
What was Julius Caesar’s reign like and how did he die?
He declares himself dictator (one who serves in crisis) he wanted to restore peace and prosperity to home so he regulates the distribution of grain, find and created jobs through public works. The common man loved him, but he greatly reduced the power of the senate. So the power hungry members of the senate decided to kill him shortly after he declares himself dictator for life. 44bc a group of Senators approached ceaser and stabbed him; he shortly died at the feet of Pompeys statue
What was the second triumvirate and who were it’s members?
friends of Caesar avenge his death and form another 3 man ruling body, those three men were Octavian, Marc Anthony, and Marcus Lepidus.
Who was Marc Anthony/ Octavian
Octavian was Caesars adoptive son and heir to the throne and Marc Anthony was a trust, an ally of Julius Cesar and his former assistant
What was the Battle of Actium?
Octavian beat Antony and Cleopatra in this famous naval battle, both Marc Antony and Cleopatra committed suicide rather then surrendering
