Test 2 Review

Question 0

What is the Mental Health Systems Act of 1980?

Answer 0

a law that protects the mentally ill from abuse and mistreatment

Question 1

Laws are made to do what?

Answer 1

protect the needs of society and protect patients and care quality

Question 2

What is the right to least restrictive treatment?

Answer 2

the right to be cared for without infringing on freedom unless necessary

ex) for example being put in outpatient treatment vs. inpatient treatment
- if they are deemed danger to self or others, that is when their rights are infringed

Question 3

voluntary hospitalization

Answer 3

person admits themselves, requires insight into their illness

Question 4

involuntary hospitalization

Answer 4

committed to an institution without consent

• length of stay determined by state
• if they are a danger to self or others, needs treatment, or can’t provide basic needs for themselves

Question 5

restraints

Answer 5

any bonds on extremities to keep the person from harming themselves or other people
ex) 4 point restraints or straitjacket

Question 6

How is a restraint ordered?

Answer 6

by a physician except under an emergency, then an immediate order is given

Question 7

Are medications considered a restraint?

Answer 7

yes, because they “medicate” the person so they are numb to everything

Question 8

seclusion

Answer 8

type of restraint that involves being placed in a room alone with nothing. room may be padded if considered a threat

Question 9

competency

Answer 9

legal assessment if a person is able to make reasonable decisions
-foundation of legal rights with mental illness

Question 10

Why is competency in dementia different?

Answer 10

a person isn’t just deemed incompetent, their cognitive ability fails over time so someone HAS to make decisions for them

Question 11

incompetence

Answer 11

determined by court, inability to make judgments and be responsible for decisions

Question 12

right to informed consent

Answer 12

physician fully explains everything about the procedure, and the client can agree or refuse if deemed competent. if incompetent, the guardian can make decision

Question 13

right to refuse treatment

Answer 13

a competent person can refuse treatment as long as they are not committed and can refuse medication with voluntary or involuntary treatment. if incompetent the guardian can make that decision, and one can be appointed if the patient doesn’t have one

Question 14

right to confidentiality

Answer 14

admission is confidential and on a need-to-know basis because stigma could affect employment or professional standing

Question 15

right to keep items

Answer 15

they can keep their possessions but they are kept in a lockbox and they can have them upon discharge

Question 16

code of ethics

Answer 16

standards that apply for professionals and their licensure

Question 17

ethics

Answer 17

“moral compass”-determining right from wrong

• individual based
• protects confidentiality, accountability, veracity, and advocacy

Question 18

duty of veracity

Answer 18

telling the truth and keeping promises
ex) end of life care-family doesn’t want patient to know they are dying, but nurse knows it’s not ethical to deceive the patient

Question 19

duty of confidentiality

Answer 19

privacy is a basic human right and helps maintain dignity

-stigma can increase if info is shared

Question 20

duty of advocacy and caring

Answer 20

advocacy-speaking in support of the patient

caring-involving yourself with others related to concern about how other people experience their world

Question 21

accountability

Answer 21

being held responsible for the patient, oneself, and the agency

Question 22

HIPAA

Answer 22

Healthcare Information Portability and Accountability Act

-first national set of standards to protect patient privacy

Question 23

PHI

Answer 23

personal health information

-information that is individually identifiable

Question 24

rules

Answer 24

certain actions should or should not be | ex) hitting a patient

Question 25

principles

Answer 25

more abstract, foundation of rules | ex) empathy, etc.

Question 26

5 moral principles

Answer 26

autonomy, justice, beneficence, nonmaleficence, fidelity

Question 27

beneficence

Answer 27

the care benefits the patient; it does good and prevents harm

Question 28

autonomy

Answer 28

freedom of choice

Question 29

nonmaleficence

Answer 29

avoidance of harm/hurt | -not providing ineffective or harmful treatment

Question 30

fidelity

Answer 30

integrity by staying committed and keeping promises

Question 31

justice

Answer 31

fairness and equality

Question 32

moral issues are usually:

Answer 32

heavily contested issues such as abortion and gay marriage

Question 33

involuntary admission process in AR

Answer 33

- 72 hour hold ordered by physician if person deemed danger - 7 day admission decided by court - court initiated to keep patient up to 45 days, usually admitted to state facility in Little Rock

Question 34

National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH)

Answer 34

gives grants to local provider agencies (community mental health centers) to provide care to the community

Question 35

parity

Answer 35

"fairness" | mental health care is not given the same stature as other health care

Question 36

de facto mental health service system

Answer 36

public and private sectors that have a variety of caregivers that work in diverse, independent, and coordinated facilities

Question 37

public sector

Answer 37

services directly operated by government agencies and services financed with government resources

Question 38

private sector

Answer 38

services directly operated by private agencies and services financed with private resources (ex-employer provided insurance)

Question 39

4 major components/sectors of the de facto mental health services system

Answer 39

1. specialty mental health sector 2. general medical/primary care sector 3. human services sector 4. voluntary support network sector

Question 40

specialty mental health sector

Answer 40

mental health professionals trained specifically to treat people with mental disorders -most care provided in outpatient settings or private or public clinics

Question 41

general medical/primary care sector

Answer 41

healthcare professionals in a variety of facilities | -identified as the initial point of contact for adults with mental disorders

Question 42

human services sector

Answer 42

social services, school counseling, residential rehab, etc

Question 43

voluntary support network sector

Answer 43

self help and social support groups | ex) AA

Question 44

where are the bulk of services provided?

Answer 44

community mental health services (CMHS)

Question 45

how is mental health care not customer oriented?

Answer 45

it is often underfunded and therefore treatment is more based on the amount of funding available. it is just now moving toward individual treatment plans

Question 46

how is housing a barrier to mental health care?

Answer 46

often not enough housing or income, and community is unwelcoming (NIMBY-not in my backyard)

Question 47

how is custody of children a barrier to mental health care?

Answer 47

in some states they require children to be under government care, which results in a dilemma for parents that have to debate whether to give up their child

Question 48

how are disparities a barrier to mental health care?

Answer 48

there is not enough minority care and staffing, and some places are geographically remote

Question 49

how is staffing shortage a barrier to mental health?

Answer 49

there is a shortage of prepared staff such as psychiatrists, psychologists, social workers, and RNs

Question 50

how is lack of early intervention a barrier to mental health care?

Answer 50

it increases the negative course of the disease and long term disability. more people will end up in the criminal justice system instead of treatment where they will be undertreated

Question 51

how is lag between research and application a barrier to mental health care?

Answer 51

known ideas may not be put into practice ASAP

Question 52

how is technology showing promise to help?

Answer 52

things like telemedicine-speaking to a therapist over the phone or video conference-increases access to care -providers consumers access to data such as self help, education, treatment, outcomes, etc

Question 53

mental health in schools

Answer 53

1/5 of kids show symptoms and many of them are not identified

Question 54

barriers to mental health care in schools

Answer 54

lack of funding and lack of community based resources to help kids and families

Question 55

contracted service

Answer 55

hospital pays another facility to provide extra room | -ex) AR state hospital pays the Corning facility to operate extra beds