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Issues in Mental Health > Test 2 Review > Flashcards

Test 2 Review Flashcards

0
Q

What is the Mental Health Systems Act of 1980?

A

a law that protects the mentally ill from abuse and mistreatment

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1
Q

Laws are made to do what?

A

protect the needs of society and protect patients and care quality

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2
Q

What is the right to least restrictive treatment?

A

the right to be cared for without infringing on freedom unless necessary

ex) for example being put in outpatient treatment vs. inpatient treatment
- if they are deemed danger to self or others, that is when their rights are infringed

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3
Q

voluntary hospitalization

A

person admits themselves, requires insight into their illness

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4
Q

involuntary hospitalization

A

committed to an institution without consent

  • length of stay determined by state
  • if they are a danger to self or others, needs treatment, or can’t provide basic needs for themselves
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5
Q

restraints

A

any bonds on extremities to keep the person from harming themselves or other people
ex) 4 point restraints or straitjacket

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6
Q

How is a restraint ordered?

A

by a physician except under an emergency, then an immediate order is given

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7
Q

Are medications considered a restraint?

A

yes, because they “medicate” the person so they are numb to everything

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8
Q

seclusion

A

type of restraint that involves being placed in a room alone with nothing. room may be padded if considered a threat

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9
Q

competency

A

legal assessment if a person is able to make reasonable decisions
-foundation of legal rights with mental illness

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10
Q

Why is competency in dementia different?

A

a person isn’t just deemed incompetent, their cognitive ability fails over time so someone HAS to make decisions for them

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11
Q

incompetence

A

determined by court, inability to make judgments and be responsible for decisions

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12
Q

right to informed consent

A

physician fully explains everything about the procedure, and the client can agree or refuse if deemed competent. if incompetent, the guardian can make decision

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13
Q

right to refuse treatment

A

a competent person can refuse treatment as long as they are not committed and can refuse medication with voluntary or involuntary treatment. if incompetent the guardian can make that decision, and one can be appointed if the patient doesn’t have one

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14
Q

right to confidentiality

A

admission is confidential and on a need-to-know basis because stigma could affect employment or professional standing

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15
Q

right to keep items

A

they can keep their possessions but they are kept in a lockbox and they can have them upon discharge

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16
Q

code of ethics

A

standards that apply for professionals and their licensure

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17
Q

ethics

A

“moral compass”-determining right from wrong

  • individual based
  • protects confidentiality, accountability, veracity, and advocacy
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18
Q

duty of veracity

A

telling the truth and keeping promises
ex) end of life care-family doesn’t want patient to know they are dying, but nurse knows it’s not ethical to deceive the patient

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19
Q

duty of confidentiality

A

privacy is a basic human right and helps maintain dignity

-stigma can increase if info is shared

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20
Q

duty of advocacy and caring

A

advocacy-speaking in support of the patient

caring-involving yourself with others related to concern about how other people experience their world

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21
Q

accountability

A

being held responsible for the patient, oneself, and the agency

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22
Q

HIPAA

A

Healthcare Information Portability and Accountability Act

-first national set of standards to protect patient privacy

23
Q

PHI

A

personal health information

-information that is individually identifiable

24
Q

rules

A

certain actions should or should not be

ex) hitting a patient

25
Q

principles

A

more abstract, foundation of rules

ex) empathy, etc.

26
Q

5 moral principles

A

autonomy, justice, beneficence, nonmaleficence, fidelity

27
Q

beneficence

A

the care benefits the patient; it does good and prevents harm

28
Q

autonomy

A

freedom of choice

29
Q

nonmaleficence

A

avoidance of harm/hurt

-not providing ineffective or harmful treatment

30
Q

fidelity

A

integrity by staying committed and keeping promises

31
Q

justice

A

fairness and equality

32
Q

moral issues are usually:

A

heavily contested issues such as abortion and gay marriage

33
Q

involuntary admission process in AR

A
  • 72 hour hold ordered by physician if person deemed danger
  • 7 day admission decided by court
  • court initiated to keep patient up to 45 days, usually admitted to state facility in Little Rock
34
Q

National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH)

A

gives grants to local provider agencies (community mental health centers) to provide care to the community

35
Q

parity

A

“fairness”

mental health care is not given the same stature as other health care

36
Q

de facto mental health service system

A

public and private sectors that have a variety of caregivers that work in diverse, independent, and coordinated facilities

37
Q

public sector

A

services directly operated by government agencies and services financed with government resources

38
Q

private sector

A

services directly operated by private agencies and services financed with private resources (ex-employer provided insurance)

39
Q

4 major components/sectors of the de facto mental health services system

A
  1. specialty mental health sector
  2. general medical/primary care sector
  3. human services sector
  4. voluntary support network sector
40
Q

specialty mental health sector

A

mental health professionals trained specifically to treat people with mental disorders
-most care provided in outpatient settings or private or public clinics

41
Q

general medical/primary care sector

A

healthcare professionals in a variety of facilities

-identified as the initial point of contact for adults with mental disorders

42
Q

human services sector

A

social services, school counseling, residential rehab, etc

43
Q

voluntary support network sector

A

self help and social support groups

ex) AA

44
Q

where are the bulk of services provided?

A

community mental health services (CMHS)

45
Q

how is mental health care not customer oriented?

A

it is often underfunded and therefore treatment is more based on the amount of funding available. it is just now moving toward individual treatment plans

46
Q

how is housing a barrier to mental health care?

A

often not enough housing or income, and community is unwelcoming (NIMBY-not in my backyard)

47
Q

how is custody of children a barrier to mental health care?

A

in some states they require children to be under government care, which results in a dilemma for parents that have to debate whether to give up their child

48
Q

how are disparities a barrier to mental health care?

A

there is not enough minority care and staffing, and some places are geographically remote

49
Q

how is staffing shortage a barrier to mental health?

A

there is a shortage of prepared staff such as psychiatrists, psychologists, social workers, and RNs

50
Q

how is lack of early intervention a barrier to mental health care?

A

it increases the negative course of the disease and long term disability. more people will end up in the criminal justice system instead of treatment where they will be undertreated

51
Q

how is lag between research and application a barrier to mental health care?

A

known ideas may not be put into practice ASAP

52
Q

how is technology showing promise to help?

A

things like telemedicine-speaking to a therapist over the phone or video conference-increases access to care
-providers consumers access to data such as self help, education, treatment, outcomes, etc

53
Q

mental health in schools

A

1/5 of kids show symptoms and many of them are not identified

54
Q

barriers to mental health care in schools

A

lack of funding and lack of community based resources to help kids and families

55
Q

contracted service

A

hospital pays another facility to provide extra room

-ex) AR state hospital pays the Corning facility to operate extra beds

Issues in Mental Health (4 decks)

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