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Issues in Mental Health > Ch. 2-Fundamentals of Mental Illness > Flashcards

Ch. 2-Fundamentals of Mental Illness Flashcards

1
Q

behavioral therapy

A

psychotherapy that seeks to get rid of bad behaviors by reinforcing desired behavior and extinguishing undesired behavior

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2
Q

biopsychosocial model of disease

A

states that biological, psychological, and social factors all play role in health and illness

  • proposed by George L. Engel
  • more defined in ch. 1 cards
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3
Q

cognitive therapy

A

cognition (thinking) is seen as most significant factor in psychological problems and treatment

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4
Q

crisis hotline

A

phone number people can call to get immediate emergency counseling over the phone by trained volunteers

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5
Q

curanderismo

A

traditional folk healer or shaman in Hispanic culture

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6
Q

delusion

A

false belief or opinion

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7
Q

disease

A

conditions with known pathology (detectable physical change)

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8
Q

disorder

A

clusters of symptoms and signs with unknown pathology and etiology (physical change and cause)

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9
Q

naturopathy

A

based on use of physical forces such as heat, water, light, air, and massage

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10
Q

pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorders associated with streptococcus (PANDAS)

A

psychiatric disorder that entails sudden onset of symptoms like those of OCD following strep

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11
Q

psychosis

A

symptom or feature of mental illness characterized by radical change in personality, impaired functioning, and distorted sense of reality

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12
Q

Tourette syndrome

A

neurologic condition that causes person to make vocal or motor tics that are beyond their control

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13
Q

most common disorder in homeless community

A

substance abuse

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14
Q

most common disorder in female athletes

A

eating disorders

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15
Q

etiology

A

causes

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16
Q

Biological influences on mental illness

A

genetics, infections, TBI, nutrition, hormones, toxins

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17
Q

Genetic influences on mental health

A

twin studies-helped find out that defects arise from multiple genes (no single gene determines fate)

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18
Q

What did the Human Genome Project accomplish for genetic research on mental health?

A

it helped find out what time a gene is active and where it is expressed (know critical intervention times and what exactly goes wrong)

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19
Q

Infectious influences on mental health

A

certain illnesses can migrate to the brain and cause mental problems

  • syphilis can cause neurosyphilis
  • PANDAS can cause tics, OCD, separation anxiety
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20
Q

Traumatic brain injury’s influences on mental health

A

blow or jolt to the head that disrupts brain function

  • often life changing, causes cognitive and motor disturbances, memory problems
  • can cause personality change
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21
Q

Nutrition’s influences on mental health

A

deficiencies of multiple nutrients can cause brain function change

  • niacin causes irritability, magnesium causes nervousness, etc
  • also affects neurotransmitter levels (which affects sleep, mood)
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22
Q

Hormonal influences on mental health

A

different hormone levels cause different changes

-high testosterone causes aggression, low progesterone during period causes irritability

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23
Q

Toxins’ influences on mental health

A

heavy metals-mercury, lead, and arsenic most common

-sources: water supply, certain hobbies, industrial

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24
Q

psychosocial influences on mental illness

A

two components: thinking and social

thinking: ability to reason and make decisions
social: interactions with others and ability to adapt
- external and internal experiences
- 3 Psychosocial Causes:
1. individual characteristics
2. life events, stresses, and relationships
3. neighborhoods, society, and culture

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25
Adjustment Disorder
emotional or behavioral symptoms beginning within 3 months after a stressful event, and lasting no more than 6 -depressed or anxious, isolation, and physical complaints
26
Anxiety Disorders
uncomfortable and subjective feeling--fear - high BP, shortness of breath, sweating, fast heartbeat - most common of all mental illnesses - diagnosable if response is uncontrollable or affects normal functioning
27
Cognitive Disorders
affects memory, perception, and problem solving; caused by mental deterioration - dementia: impaired memory and intellectual functioning - delirium: altered perception and decreased environmental awareness - amnesia: short and long term memory problems, inability to recall or learn
28
Dissociative Disorders
changes in memory, consciousness, identity, and general awareness -may feel detached, dissociative identity disorder is more known (multiple personality disorder)
29
Eating Disorders
extreme emotions and behaviors about weight and food | -most common: anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and binge eating
30
Factitious Disorders
physical and emotional symptoms expressed on purpose to put the person in the role of person needing help -"artificially created"
31
Impulse Control and Addiction Disorders
unable to resist urges to do something even if it is harmful - ignore responsibilities and relationships - kleptomania, compulsive gambling, alcohol and drugs
32
Mood Disorders
aka affective disorders - emotional, behavioral, and physical pattern changes - depression, mania, bipolar
33
Personality Disorders
extreme distressing traits, may not understand the effects of their behavior -paranoid personality disorder, obsessive compulsive personality disorder
34
Psychotic Disorders
distorted awareness, hallucinations, delusions
35
Sexual and Gender Disorders
affects desire, performance, and behavior
36
paraphilia
unconventional as defined by the dominating culture
37
Sleep Disorders
insomnia, hypersomnia, sleep terrors, circadian rhythm
38
Somatoform Disorders
aka psychosomatic disorders - physical symptoms suggesting disorder but no evidence of physiologic (physical or chemical) cause - hypochondriasis, panic disorder, body dysmorphic disorder
39
Substance-Related Disorders
recurrent use of substances and failure to fulfill major obligations
40
Tic Disorders
make uncontrollable vocal and motor tics-Tourette syndrome
41
manifestation
symptom or sign
42
manifestation of anxiety on individual level
intense fear in immediately threatening situations | -phobias, generalized anxiety, OCD, PTSD
43
manifestation of psychosis on individual level
disturbance in ability to comprehend reality, hallucinations, delusions. symptoms divided into positive and negative
44
positive symptoms of psychosis
added behaviors not normally seen in healthy adults (responsible for most of acute distress) -hallucinations, delusions, etc
45
negative symptoms of psychosis
absence of behaviors usually expected in healthy adults (responsible for chronic disability) -anhedonia, concrete thoughts, etc
46
concrete thoughts
thoughts are concrete, can't think abstractly
47
anhedonia
inability to experience pleasure
48
manifestation of mood disturbances on individual level
sustained sadness or mood elevation | -disturbance in appetite, sleeping, memory
49
manifestation of cognitive disturbances on individual level
ability to organize, process, and recall info - short term memory is often first to go - affects attention, concentration, and higher functions
50
manifestation of mental illness on community level
crime, school dropout rates, violence, employment rates, etc are all symptoms
51
what is the dividing line between normal and illness?
severity of symptoms, duration of symptoms, and amount of functional impairment
52
Why is diagnosis of mental illness difficult?
since there is no physical indicator such as a lab test, it lies mostly on patient and clinician observation
53
why are most mental problems referred to as disorders?
disorders are a cluster of symptoms, and for it to be a diagnosis it has to meet clinical criteria
54
Screening for Mental Health, Inc. (SMH)
introduced large scale screenings with National Depression Screening Day in Oct. 1991 -offer toll free number and in person and online programs
55
International Classification of Diseases (ICD)
official mortality and morbidity stats established by WHO | -classification for Health Care Financing Administrations's coding system: specific code for each illness
56
Animal-Assisted Therapy
trained animals for specific therapeutic reasons-social, emotional, and cognitive problems
57
Case Management
basically healthcare navigation | -manager designated to advocate and navigate through mental health system for patient
58
Complementary and Alternative Therapies
things such as herbs, supplements, essential oils, prayer, yoga, acupuncture, etc - if used alone (alternative) - if combined with traditional medicine (complementary)
59
Couples Counseling and Family Therapy
discussing and problem solving, helps family better understand and resolve behavioral patterns
60
Crisis Hotline
phone number for emergency counseling | -suicide, abuse, domestic violence, etc
61
Crisis Response Services
short term intervention that addresses immediate symptoms so family can support and plan treatment -screening, assessment, and disposition to next appropriate level
62
Educational Programs
in schools, hospitals, community centers, and universities that cover broad range of topics
63
Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT)
controversial, uses low voltage stimulation of brain to treat severe mental illness -only used if other forms failed, they are seriously ill, or likely to commit suicide
64
Group Therapy
4-12 people with a similar problem meet with a therapist and express their own feelings about what someone says or does
65
Interpersonal Psychotherapy
one on one conversations with therapist about life and relationships - aims to resolve problems with insight - behavioral therapy (changes unwanted behaviors with reinforcements - cognitive therapy (identifies and corrects distorted thinking patterns
66
Light Therapy
using a light box that mimics natural light | -example, seasonal affective disorder
67
Play Therapy
tool for diagnosis for children, allows child to express emotions and the objects and patterns of play can help understand cause
68
Psychopharmacology
medications alone or combination with psychotherapy is proven to be effective, but wide array of meds provides many options but challenges to find the correct one
69
Support Groups
members meet and share thoughts and feelings related to the particular issue. they are not led by a trained therapist
70
Depression or Major Depressive Disorder
characterized by 5 of 9 of these symptoms over a 2 week period, has a genetic predisposition, and affects neurotransmitters - depressed mood - loss of interest - irritability - fatigue - worthlessness and excess guilt - significant weight loss or gain - insomnia/hypersomnia - activity changes - recurrent suicidal thoughts
71
Risk factors for depression
stressful life events, substance abuse, chronic medical condition, major life stressor, and being a woman
72
suicide rates are highest among which population?
older adult white males, 6x as much as general population
73
Bipolar Disorder
manic-depressive, can cycle rapidly or slowly -manic: mood swings, aggressive, nothing is wrong, impulsive, can't sit still, euphoria, poor judgment, increased sexual interest, substance abuse, omnipotence, decreased need for sleep, and endless energy
74
Schizophrenia
as early as teens -categorized by psychosis and positive and negative symptoms (hallucinations and delusions, social withdrawal and memory problems)
75
hallucinations can be:
visual, auditory, olfactory, or somatic
76
delusions can be:
grandiose, reference, persecutory, somatic, or bizarre
77
flat affect
vacant look, no emotion
78
how many people with schizophrenia get treatment?
60%

Issues in Mental Health (4 decks)

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