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Issues in Mental Health > Ch. 2-Fundamentals of Mental Illness > Flashcards

Ch. 2-Fundamentals of Mental Illness Flashcards

1
Q

behavioral therapy

A

psychotherapy that seeks to get rid of bad behaviors by reinforcing desired behavior and extinguishing undesired behavior

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2
Q

biopsychosocial model of disease

A

states that biological, psychological, and social factors all play role in health and illness

  • proposed by George L. Engel
  • more defined in ch. 1 cards
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3
Q

cognitive therapy

A

cognition (thinking) is seen as most significant factor in psychological problems and treatment

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4
Q

crisis hotline

A

phone number people can call to get immediate emergency counseling over the phone by trained volunteers

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5
Q

curanderismo

A

traditional folk healer or shaman in Hispanic culture

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6
Q

delusion

A

false belief or opinion

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7
Q

disease

A

conditions with known pathology (detectable physical change)

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8
Q

disorder

A

clusters of symptoms and signs with unknown pathology and etiology (physical change and cause)

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9
Q

naturopathy

A

based on use of physical forces such as heat, water, light, air, and massage

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10
Q

pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorders associated with streptococcus (PANDAS)

A

psychiatric disorder that entails sudden onset of symptoms like those of OCD following strep

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11
Q

psychosis

A

symptom or feature of mental illness characterized by radical change in personality, impaired functioning, and distorted sense of reality

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12
Q

Tourette syndrome

A

neurologic condition that causes person to make vocal or motor tics that are beyond their control

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13
Q

most common disorder in homeless community

A

substance abuse

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14
Q

most common disorder in female athletes

A

eating disorders

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15
Q

etiology

A

causes

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16
Q

Biological influences on mental illness

A

genetics, infections, TBI, nutrition, hormones, toxins

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17
Q

Genetic influences on mental health

A

twin studies-helped find out that defects arise from multiple genes (no single gene determines fate)

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18
Q

What did the Human Genome Project accomplish for genetic research on mental health?

A

it helped find out what time a gene is active and where it is expressed (know critical intervention times and what exactly goes wrong)

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19
Q

Infectious influences on mental health

A

certain illnesses can migrate to the brain and cause mental problems

  • syphilis can cause neurosyphilis
  • PANDAS can cause tics, OCD, separation anxiety
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20
Q

Traumatic brain injury’s influences on mental health

A

blow or jolt to the head that disrupts brain function

  • often life changing, causes cognitive and motor disturbances, memory problems
  • can cause personality change
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21
Q

Nutrition’s influences on mental health

A

deficiencies of multiple nutrients can cause brain function change

  • niacin causes irritability, magnesium causes nervousness, etc
  • also affects neurotransmitter levels (which affects sleep, mood)
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22
Q

Hormonal influences on mental health

A

different hormone levels cause different changes

-high testosterone causes aggression, low progesterone during period causes irritability

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23
Q

Toxins’ influences on mental health

A

heavy metals-mercury, lead, and arsenic most common

-sources: water supply, certain hobbies, industrial

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24
Q

psychosocial influences on mental illness

A

two components: thinking and social

thinking: ability to reason and make decisions
social: interactions with others and ability to adapt
- external and internal experiences
- 3 Psychosocial Causes:
1. individual characteristics
2. life events, stresses, and relationships
3. neighborhoods, society, and culture

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25
Q

Adjustment Disorder

A

emotional or behavioral symptoms beginning within 3 months after a stressful event, and lasting no more than 6
-depressed or anxious, isolation, and physical complaints

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26
Q

Anxiety Disorders

A

uncomfortable and subjective feeling–fear

  • high BP, shortness of breath, sweating, fast heartbeat
  • most common of all mental illnesses
  • diagnosable if response is uncontrollable or affects normal functioning
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27
Q

Cognitive Disorders

A

affects memory, perception, and problem solving; caused by mental deterioration

  • dementia: impaired memory and intellectual functioning
  • delirium: altered perception and decreased environmental awareness
  • amnesia: short and long term memory problems, inability to recall or learn
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28
Q

Dissociative Disorders

A

changes in memory, consciousness, identity, and general awareness
-may feel detached, dissociative identity disorder is more known (multiple personality disorder)

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29
Q

Eating Disorders

A

extreme emotions and behaviors about weight and food

-most common: anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and binge eating

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30
Q

Factitious Disorders

A

physical and emotional symptoms expressed on purpose to put the person in the role of person needing help
-“artificially created”

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31
Q

Impulse Control and Addiction Disorders

A

unable to resist urges to do something even if it is harmful

  • ignore responsibilities and relationships
  • kleptomania, compulsive gambling, alcohol and drugs
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32
Q

Mood Disorders

A

aka affective disorders

  • emotional, behavioral, and physical pattern changes
  • depression, mania, bipolar
33
Q

Personality Disorders

A

extreme distressing traits, may not understand the effects of their behavior
-paranoid personality disorder, obsessive compulsive personality disorder

34
Q

Psychotic Disorders

A

distorted awareness, hallucinations, delusions

35
Q

Sexual and Gender Disorders

A

affects desire, performance, and behavior

36
Q

paraphilia

A

unconventional as defined by the dominating culture

37
Q

Sleep Disorders

A

insomnia, hypersomnia, sleep terrors, circadian rhythm

38
Q

Somatoform Disorders

A

aka psychosomatic disorders

  • physical symptoms suggesting disorder but no evidence of physiologic (physical or chemical) cause
  • hypochondriasis, panic disorder, body dysmorphic disorder
39
Q

Substance-Related Disorders

A

recurrent use of substances and failure to fulfill major obligations

40
Q

Tic Disorders

A

make uncontrollable vocal and motor tics-Tourette syndrome

41
Q

manifestation

A

symptom or sign

42
Q

manifestation of anxiety on individual level

A

intense fear in immediately threatening situations

-phobias, generalized anxiety, OCD, PTSD

43
Q

manifestation of psychosis on individual level

A

disturbance in ability to comprehend reality, hallucinations, delusions. symptoms divided into positive and negative

44
Q

positive symptoms of psychosis

A

added behaviors not normally seen in healthy adults (responsible for most of acute distress)
-hallucinations, delusions, etc

45
Q

negative symptoms of psychosis

A

absence of behaviors usually expected in healthy adults (responsible for chronic disability)
-anhedonia, concrete thoughts, etc

46
Q

concrete thoughts

A

thoughts are concrete, can’t think abstractly

47
Q

anhedonia

A

inability to experience pleasure

48
Q

manifestation of mood disturbances on individual level

A

sustained sadness or mood elevation

-disturbance in appetite, sleeping, memory

49
Q

manifestation of cognitive disturbances on individual level

A

ability to organize, process, and recall info

  • short term memory is often first to go
  • affects attention, concentration, and higher functions
50
Q

manifestation of mental illness on community level

A

crime, school dropout rates, violence, employment rates, etc are all symptoms

51
Q

what is the dividing line between normal and illness?

A

severity of symptoms, duration of symptoms, and amount of functional impairment

52
Q

Why is diagnosis of mental illness difficult?

A

since there is no physical indicator such as a lab test, it lies mostly on patient and clinician observation

53
Q

why are most mental problems referred to as disorders?

A

disorders are a cluster of symptoms, and for it to be a diagnosis it has to meet clinical criteria

54
Q

Screening for Mental Health, Inc. (SMH)

A

introduced large scale screenings with National Depression Screening Day in Oct. 1991
-offer toll free number and in person and online programs

55
Q

International Classification of Diseases (ICD)

A

official mortality and morbidity stats established by WHO

-classification for Health Care Financing Administrations’s coding system: specific code for each illness

56
Q

Animal-Assisted Therapy

A

trained animals for specific therapeutic reasons-social, emotional, and cognitive problems

57
Q

Case Management

A

basically healthcare navigation

-manager designated to advocate and navigate through mental health system for patient

58
Q

Complementary and Alternative Therapies

A

things such as herbs, supplements, essential oils, prayer, yoga, acupuncture, etc

  • if used alone (alternative)
  • if combined with traditional medicine (complementary)
59
Q

Couples Counseling and Family Therapy

A

discussing and problem solving, helps family better understand and resolve behavioral patterns

60
Q

Crisis Hotline

A

phone number for emergency counseling

-suicide, abuse, domestic violence, etc

61
Q

Crisis Response Services

A

short term intervention that addresses immediate symptoms so family can support and plan treatment
-screening, assessment, and disposition to next appropriate level

62
Q

Educational Programs

A

in schools, hospitals, community centers, and universities that cover broad range of topics

63
Q

Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT)

A

controversial, uses low voltage stimulation of brain to treat severe mental illness
-only used if other forms failed, they are seriously ill, or likely to commit suicide

64
Q

Group Therapy

A

4-12 people with a similar problem meet with a therapist and express their own feelings about what someone says or does

65
Q

Interpersonal Psychotherapy

A

one on one conversations with therapist about life and relationships

  • aims to resolve problems with insight
  • behavioral therapy (changes unwanted behaviors with reinforcements
  • cognitive therapy (identifies and corrects distorted thinking patterns
66
Q

Light Therapy

A

using a light box that mimics natural light

-example, seasonal affective disorder

67
Q

Play Therapy

A

tool for diagnosis for children, allows child to express emotions and the objects and patterns of play can help understand cause

68
Q

Psychopharmacology

A

medications alone or combination with psychotherapy is proven to be effective, but wide array of meds provides many options but challenges to find the correct one

69
Q

Support Groups

A

members meet and share thoughts and feelings related to the particular issue. they are not led by a trained therapist

70
Q

Depression or Major Depressive Disorder

A

characterized by 5 of 9 of these symptoms over a 2 week period, has a genetic predisposition, and affects neurotransmitters

  • depressed mood
  • loss of interest
  • irritability
  • fatigue
  • worthlessness and excess guilt
  • significant weight loss or gain
  • insomnia/hypersomnia
  • activity changes
  • recurrent suicidal thoughts
71
Q

Risk factors for depression

A

stressful life events, substance abuse, chronic medical condition, major life stressor, and being a woman

72
Q

suicide rates are highest among which population?

A

older adult white males, 6x as much as general population

73
Q

Bipolar Disorder

A

manic-depressive, can cycle rapidly or slowly
-manic: mood swings, aggressive, nothing is wrong, impulsive, can’t sit still, euphoria, poor judgment, increased sexual interest, substance abuse, omnipotence, decreased need for sleep, and endless energy

74
Q

Schizophrenia

A

as early as teens
-categorized by psychosis and positive and negative symptoms (hallucinations and delusions, social withdrawal and memory problems)

75
Q

hallucinations can be:

A

visual, auditory, olfactory, or somatic

76
Q

delusions can be:

A

grandiose, reference, persecutory, somatic, or bizarre

77
Q

flat affect

A

vacant look, no emotion

78
Q

how many people with schizophrenia get treatment?

A

60%

Issues in Mental Health (4 decks)

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