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Issues in Mental Health > Ch. 1-Foundations of Community Mental Health and Illness > Flashcards

Ch. 1-Foundations of Community Mental Health and Illness Flashcards

0
Q

asylum

A

institution for care of mentally ill

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1
Q

assertive community training (ACT)

A

way of delivering comprehensive and effective services to people with severe mental illness that includes support services

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2
Q

community

A

group of people who share common characteristics

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3
Q

community mental health

A

development and delivery of programs for a defined group of people to promote, protect, and treat mental health and its problems

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4
Q

culture

A

set of learned behaviors, beliefs, attitudes, values, and ideals characteristic of a particular society or population

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5
Q

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders

A

(DSM-IV)
standard manual used for diagnosis of mental disorders in the United States
“Bible of Mental Health”

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6
Q

disability-adjusted life year

A

DALY

measure that expresses years of life lost to premature death and disability

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7
Q

electroconvulsive therapy

A

ECT
electroshock treatment in which seizures are electrically induced for therapeutic effect; usually used to treat severe major depression unresponsive to other treatment

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8
Q

lobotomy

A

surgical technique that involves making an incision in the frontal lobe, severing several nerve tracts

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9
Q

mental disorders

A

characterized by alterations in thinking, mood, or behavior

-behavioral or psychiatric symptoms that describe the illness

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10
Q

mental health

A

successful performance of mental function, resulting in productivity, relationships, and ability to adapt and cope
-springboard of thinking and communication skills, learning, emotional growth, resilience, and self esteem

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11
Q

mental health problems

A

signs and symptoms are not intense or long enough to meet criteria for mental disorder

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12
Q

mental illness

A

umbrella term for all mental disorders

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13
Q

psychopathology

A

study of the origin, development, and manifestations of mental or behavioral disorders

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14
Q

public health

A

prevention of disease and promotion of health by government agencies that is concerned with health of community as a whole

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15
Q

seasonal affective disorder

A

SAD
winter depression, mood disorder in which people with normal health have depressive symptoms during certain times of the year

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16
Q

somatic

A

derives from greek word some-the body

conditions in which alterations in non-mental functions are dominant

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17
Q

What percentage of those 18+ are affected by mental illness?

A

26.2% yearly, or 1/4 americans

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18
Q

What contributes to stigmas?

A

fear of being judged, silence on the issue, and feeling ashamed

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19
Q

disorder

A

change in thinking, mood, or behavior with distress or impaired function

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20
Q

bereavement

A

grieving and letting go

-if it lasts longer than 2 months it can lead to a disorder

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21
Q

What did René Descartes say about mental illness?

A

he said the mind and the body are completely separate (religion and physical)

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22
Q

We need to distinguish between mind and _______ health.

A

somatic

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23
Q

Mental illness was originally believed to be related to what?

A

the moon

  • believed to be caused by a baby born during a full moon or sleeping in the light of a full moon
  • called “lunatics” and many were tortured
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24
When and where was the first asylum built?
1751 in Pennsylvania because there were too many to care for in the home -ignited beginning of 4 movements because the conditions were harsh
25
Moral Treatment Movement
- 1800 to 1850 - introduced by William Tuke, saying people needed asylum away from home and everyday situations to heal - Dorothea Hix and Horace Mann agreed on somatic and psychosocial treatment - building private and public asylums defined period - used for untreatable chronic patients - moral meant "return of person to reason by application of psychologically oriented therapy"
26
Mental Hygiene Movement
- 1890 to 1920 - Adolf Meyer and Clifford Beers - mental illness can be cured if treated early - developed lobotomy and electroconvulsive therapy - newspapers revealed deteriorating conditions
27
Community Mental Health Movement
- 1955 to 1970 - Joint Commission on Mental Health and Illness report of 1961 - led to Mental Retardation Facilities and Community Mental Health Centers Act in 1963 under JFK - reformers said long term stay was harmful, led to decreased hospital stay length and the discharge of many - Medicare and Medicaid offered benefits (encouraged psychiatric units, paid for rehab, etc) - not successful with deinstitutionalized chronic patients - community did not welcome discharged patients
28
Community Support Movement
(1975-present) - realization and criticism contributed to this - acute treatment and prevention and helping chronic patients - support systems to address welfare needs - Assertive Community Training delivered services to those that did not respond well - advocacy, housing assistance, and financial assistance came from ACT - current system: lack of insurance, barriers, stigma
29
What did the public think of mentally ill individuals in the 90s?
38% thought depression was a health problem, but the majority of people still thought of them as dangerous
30
What percentage of people said they thought depression was a health problem in the 2000s?
72%
31
What percentage of people said they were comfortable around someone with diabetes or cancer?
94%
32
What percentage of people said they were comfortable around someone that is depressed, or that has bipolar disorder or schizophrenia?
63%; 45%
33
What will help with overall stigma reduction?
advocacy programs, research, educating the public
34
locality
geographic locations and type | -ex) small town, urban area
35
relational community
defined by interpersonal relationships and not location | -ex) nurses, sexual orientation, ethnic groups, gender
36
6 Elements of Community
membership-sense of belonging common symbol systems-similar rituals, language, ceremonies shared values and norms mutual influence-members influence group and vice versa shared needs and commitment to meeting them shared emotional connection
37
5 Levels of Communities
Individuals-smallest level -research focused on relationship between person and environment Microsystems -communities the person directly interacts with and influences Organizations -large systems made of smaller units Locality -geographic locations, they positively or negatively impact culture Macrosystems-largest -populations categorized by factors like gender, race, ethnicity
38
3 Main Factors that affect Mental Health
social, physical, and cultural issues
39
risk factors
negatively affect mental health
40
protective factors
positively affect mental health
41
social and cultural issues
numerous, complex, and related | -socioeconomic status, availability of service, crime rates
42
community stressors
crime, noise, traffic, litter, crowding | -can lead to depression, violence, and substance abuse
43
What is "Broken Windows: The Police and Neighborhood Safety?"
theory by James Wilson and George Kelling stating that physical factors can contribute to problems if left unattended (like broken windows, litter, etc)
44
Psychiatric disorders are ___ percent of all health related disability.
24%
45
How many people 18+ have a diagnosable psychiatric disorder?
22.1%
46
_________ is the leading cause of disability for ages ______.
mental disorders; 15-44
47
What is the leading cause of preventable death?
suicide
48
Mental illness is the ____ leading cause of disability and premature death.
second
49
What percentage of years in your life would you lose to disability or death from cardiovascular conditions?
18.4%
50
undefined burden
economic and social burden | negatively impacts victim's role in community and incurs costs
51
hidden burden
associated with stigma and violations of rights
52
research does what to improve the wellbeing of victims of mental illness?
alleviates suffering and reduces financial burden | -because research caused advances in preventing, diagnosis, and treating
53
what did congress declare 1990s and why?
the decade of the brain | there was an increase in mental health problems
54
The Decade of the Brain
Human Genome Project added to knowledge about problems and causes -improved meds and dosing, diagnosis, and prevention
55
public health model
- attends to health of entire population - focus on epidemiological surveillance, health promotion, prevention, and access to services - expanded to include interest and concerns about prevention and health promotion
56
What is the annual cost estimate of mental illness?
$318 billion total | -$100 billion directly (treatment) and the rest indirectly (lost productivity due to disability or death)
57
How much of the indirect annual cost of mental illness is due to lost wages alone?
60.8%
58
Why study community mental health?
1. problems are widespread 2. problems are disabling 3. research paved way for identification and treatment 4. prevention efforts are effective 5. problems are costly
59
CDC definition of mental health
state of well being where the person realizes abilities, copes with normal stressors, and works productively
60
How many adults are in an optimal state of mental health?
17%
61
Which mental illness is the most common?
depression
62
emotional well-being
perceived life satisfaction, happiness, cheerfulness, peacefulness -how they "emote"
63
psychological well being
self acceptance, control of environment, having a purpose, personal growth
64
social well-being
potential self worth, acceptance, usefulness, sense of community
65
indicators for mental illness represent 3 domains:
emotional, psychological, and social
66
social determinants of mental health
adequate housing, safe neighborhoods, quality education, stable job and wages
67
symptoms of major depression
2 weeks or more feeling: sad, uninterested in things there was a previous interest, psychomotor retardation or agitation (staying in bed all day or not staying put), increased or decreased appetite
68
obstacles to reform
stigma-community didn't welcome | housing services not available, couldn't work
69
What were the two medications for psychosis and depression developed during the Community Mental Health movement?
Thorazine and Lithium
70
How many people today suffer without treatment?
2.2 million

Issues in Mental Health (4 decks)

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