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Issues in Mental Health > Ch. 1-Foundations of Community Mental Health and Illness > Flashcards

Ch. 1-Foundations of Community Mental Health and Illness Flashcards

0
Q

asylum

A

institution for care of mentally ill

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1
Q

assertive community training (ACT)

A

way of delivering comprehensive and effective services to people with severe mental illness that includes support services

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2
Q

community

A

group of people who share common characteristics

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3
Q

community mental health

A

development and delivery of programs for a defined group of people to promote, protect, and treat mental health and its problems

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4
Q

culture

A

set of learned behaviors, beliefs, attitudes, values, and ideals characteristic of a particular society or population

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5
Q

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders

A

(DSM-IV)
standard manual used for diagnosis of mental disorders in the United States
“Bible of Mental Health”

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6
Q

disability-adjusted life year

A

DALY

measure that expresses years of life lost to premature death and disability

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7
Q

electroconvulsive therapy

A

ECT
electroshock treatment in which seizures are electrically induced for therapeutic effect; usually used to treat severe major depression unresponsive to other treatment

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8
Q

lobotomy

A

surgical technique that involves making an incision in the frontal lobe, severing several nerve tracts

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9
Q

mental disorders

A

characterized by alterations in thinking, mood, or behavior

-behavioral or psychiatric symptoms that describe the illness

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10
Q

mental health

A

successful performance of mental function, resulting in productivity, relationships, and ability to adapt and cope
-springboard of thinking and communication skills, learning, emotional growth, resilience, and self esteem

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11
Q

mental health problems

A

signs and symptoms are not intense or long enough to meet criteria for mental disorder

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12
Q

mental illness

A

umbrella term for all mental disorders

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13
Q

psychopathology

A

study of the origin, development, and manifestations of mental or behavioral disorders

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14
Q

public health

A

prevention of disease and promotion of health by government agencies that is concerned with health of community as a whole

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15
Q

seasonal affective disorder

A

SAD
winter depression, mood disorder in which people with normal health have depressive symptoms during certain times of the year

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16
Q

somatic

A

derives from greek word some-the body

conditions in which alterations in non-mental functions are dominant

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17
Q

What percentage of those 18+ are affected by mental illness?

A

26.2% yearly, or 1/4 americans

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18
Q

What contributes to stigmas?

A

fear of being judged, silence on the issue, and feeling ashamed

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19
Q

disorder

A

change in thinking, mood, or behavior with distress or impaired function

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20
Q

bereavement

A

grieving and letting go

-if it lasts longer than 2 months it can lead to a disorder

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21
Q

What did René Descartes say about mental illness?

A

he said the mind and the body are completely separate (religion and physical)

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22
Q

We need to distinguish between mind and _______ health.

A

somatic

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23
Q

Mental illness was originally believed to be related to what?

A

the moon

  • believed to be caused by a baby born during a full moon or sleeping in the light of a full moon
  • called “lunatics” and many were tortured
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24
Q

When and where was the first asylum built?

A

1751 in Pennsylvania because there were too many to care for in the home
-ignited beginning of 4 movements because the conditions were harsh

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25
Q

Moral Treatment Movement

A
  • 1800 to 1850
  • introduced by William Tuke, saying people needed asylum away from home and everyday situations to heal
  • Dorothea Hix and Horace Mann agreed on somatic and psychosocial treatment
  • building private and public asylums defined period
  • used for untreatable chronic patients
  • moral meant “return of person to reason by application of psychologically oriented therapy”
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26
Q

Mental Hygiene Movement

A
  • 1890 to 1920
  • Adolf Meyer and Clifford Beers
  • mental illness can be cured if treated early
  • developed lobotomy and electroconvulsive therapy
  • newspapers revealed deteriorating conditions
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27
Q

Community Mental Health Movement

A
  • 1955 to 1970
  • Joint Commission on Mental Health and Illness report of 1961
  • led to Mental Retardation Facilities and Community Mental Health Centers Act in 1963 under JFK
  • reformers said long term stay was harmful, led to decreased hospital stay length and the discharge of many
  • Medicare and Medicaid offered benefits (encouraged psychiatric units, paid for rehab, etc)
  • not successful with deinstitutionalized chronic patients
  • community did not welcome discharged patients
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28
Q

Community Support Movement

A

(1975-present)

  • realization and criticism contributed to this
  • acute treatment and prevention and helping chronic patients
  • support systems to address welfare needs
  • Assertive Community Training delivered services to those that did not respond well
  • advocacy, housing assistance, and financial assistance came from ACT
  • current system: lack of insurance, barriers, stigma
29
Q

What did the public think of mentally ill individuals in the 90s?

A

38% thought depression was a health problem, but the majority of people still thought of them as dangerous

30
Q

What percentage of people said they thought depression was a health problem in the 2000s?

A

72%

31
Q

What percentage of people said they were comfortable around someone with diabetes or cancer?

A

94%

32
Q

What percentage of people said they were comfortable around someone that is depressed, or that has bipolar disorder or schizophrenia?

A

63%; 45%

33
Q

What will help with overall stigma reduction?

A

advocacy programs, research, educating the public

34
Q

locality

A

geographic locations and type

-ex) small town, urban area

35
Q

relational community

A

defined by interpersonal relationships and not location

-ex) nurses, sexual orientation, ethnic groups, gender

36
Q

6 Elements of Community

A

membership-sense of belonging
common symbol systems-similar rituals, language, ceremonies
shared values and norms
mutual influence-members influence group and vice versa
shared needs and commitment to meeting them
shared emotional connection

37
Q

5 Levels of Communities

A

Individuals-smallest level
-research focused on relationship between person and environment
Microsystems
-communities the person directly interacts with and influences
Organizations
-large systems made of smaller units
Locality
-geographic locations, they positively or negatively impact culture
Macrosystems-largest
-populations categorized by factors like gender, race, ethnicity

38
Q

3 Main Factors that affect Mental Health

A

social, physical, and cultural issues

39
Q

risk factors

A

negatively affect mental health

40
Q

protective factors

A

positively affect mental health

41
Q

social and cultural issues

A

numerous, complex, and related

-socioeconomic status, availability of service, crime rates

42
Q

community stressors

A

crime, noise, traffic, litter, crowding

-can lead to depression, violence, and substance abuse

43
Q

What is “Broken Windows: The Police and Neighborhood Safety?”

A

theory by James Wilson and George Kelling stating that physical factors can contribute to problems if left unattended (like broken windows, litter, etc)

44
Q

Psychiatric disorders are ___ percent of all health related disability.

A

24%

45
Q

How many people 18+ have a diagnosable psychiatric disorder?

A

22.1%

46
Q

_________ is the leading cause of disability for ages ______.

A

mental disorders; 15-44

47
Q

What is the leading cause of preventable death?

A

suicide

48
Q

Mental illness is the ____ leading cause of disability and premature death.

A

second

49
Q

What percentage of years in your life would you lose to disability or death from cardiovascular conditions?

A

18.4%

50
Q

undefined burden

A

economic and social burden

negatively impacts victim’s role in community and incurs costs

51
Q

hidden burden

A

associated with stigma and violations of rights

52
Q

research does what to improve the wellbeing of victims of mental illness?

A

alleviates suffering and reduces financial burden

-because research caused advances in preventing, diagnosis, and treating

53
Q

what did congress declare 1990s and why?

A

the decade of the brain

there was an increase in mental health problems

54
Q

The Decade of the Brain

A

Human Genome Project added to knowledge about problems and causes
-improved meds and dosing, diagnosis, and prevention

55
Q

public health model

A
  • attends to health of entire population
  • focus on epidemiological surveillance, health promotion, prevention, and access to services
  • expanded to include interest and concerns about prevention and health promotion
56
Q

What is the annual cost estimate of mental illness?

A

$318 billion total

-$100 billion directly (treatment) and the rest indirectly (lost productivity due to disability or death)

57
Q

How much of the indirect annual cost of mental illness is due to lost wages alone?

A

60.8%

58
Q

Why study community mental health?

A
  1. problems are widespread
  2. problems are disabling
  3. research paved way for identification and treatment
  4. prevention efforts are effective
  5. problems are costly
59
Q

CDC definition of mental health

A

state of well being where the person realizes abilities, copes with normal stressors, and works productively

60
Q

How many adults are in an optimal state of mental health?

A

17%

61
Q

Which mental illness is the most common?

A

depression

62
Q

emotional well-being

A

perceived life satisfaction, happiness, cheerfulness, peacefulness
-how they “emote”

63
Q

psychological well being

A

self acceptance, control of environment, having a purpose, personal growth

64
Q

social well-being

A

potential self worth, acceptance, usefulness, sense of community

65
Q

indicators for mental illness represent 3 domains:

A

emotional, psychological, and social

66
Q

social determinants of mental health

A

adequate housing, safe neighborhoods, quality education, stable job and wages

67
Q

symptoms of major depression

A

2 weeks or more feeling:
sad, uninterested in things there was a previous interest, psychomotor retardation or agitation (staying in bed all day or not staying put), increased or decreased appetite

68
Q

obstacles to reform

A

stigma-community didn’t welcome

housing services not available, couldn’t work

69
Q

What were the two medications for psychosis and depression developed during the Community Mental Health movement?

A

Thorazine and Lithium

70
Q

How many people today suffer without treatment?

A

2.2 million

Issues in Mental Health (4 decks)

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