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Test 2 (nervous system) Flashcards

1
Q

functions of the nervous system (2)

A

maintain homeostasis, coordinate body activities

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2
Q

nervous system functions are achieved by what pathways (3)

A

sensory input, integration, motor output

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3
Q

nervous system organization (2)

A

CNS, PNS

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4
Q

central nervous system (CNS) structure and function

A

brain and spinal cord, integrative and control centers

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5
Q

Peripheral nervous system (PNS) structure and function

A

cranial and spinal nerves, communication lines between the CNS and the body

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6
Q

peripheral nervous system (PNS) division classification (2)

A

sensory, motor

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7
Q

sensory (afferent) division

A

somatic and visceral**

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8
Q

Motor (efferent) division

A

somatic, autonomic

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9
Q

Types of autonomic nervous system division (2)

A

sympathetic, parasympathetic

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10
Q

sympathetic division function

A

mobilized body systems during activity

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11
Q

parasympathetic division function

A

conserves energy, promotes housekeeping functions during rest

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12
Q

Two main groups of nervous tissue

A

neurons, neuroglia

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13
Q

characteristics of neurons (5)

A

highly excitable, conduct/transmit impulses, extreme longevity, amitotic, high metabolism

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14
Q

amitotic

A

stops going through the cell cycle

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15
Q

glial cells (neuroglia) in the CNS (4)

A

astrocyte, ependymal cell, microglial cell, oligodendrocyte

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16
Q

glial cells (neuroglia) in the PNS (2)

A

satellite cell, neurolemmocyte

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17
Q

astrocyte function

A

blood-brain barrier that regulates chemical environment

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18
Q

ependymal cell function and structure

A

line fluid-filled cavities, ciliated

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19
Q

microglial cell function

A

immune cells for CNS

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20
Q

oligodendrocyte functioni

A

wrap around axons to form myelin sheath in CNS

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21
Q

satellite cell function

A

wrap around neurons to regulate the chemical environment

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22
Q

neurolemmocyte function

A

wrap around axons to form myelin sheath in PNS

23
Q

neuron structure (2)

A

cell body, processes

24
Q

neuron cell body (soma) types (2)

A

nissl bodies, neurofibrils

25
Q

neuron processes types (2)

A

dendrites, axon

26
Q

axon structure (6)

A

Axon hillock, myelin sheath, neurofibril node, collaterals, terminal branches, axon terminals

27
Q

neuron classification (3)

A

unipolar, bipolar, mulipolar

28
Q

neuron function (3)

A

sensory, interneuron, motor

29
Q

another name for sensory function

30
Q

another name for the interneuron function

A

association

31
Q

another name for motor function

32
Q

myelin sheath structure

A

neuroglia wrap around axon to form multilayered covering

33
Q

myelin sheath function

A

thick insulation, prevent movement across membrane, protect axon, reduce accidental stimulation

34
Q

impulse conduction

A

action potential moves down axon.

35
Q

factors that affect the velocity of impulse conduction (2)

A

axon diameter, myelination

36
Q

Types of myelination (2)

A

continuous and saltatory conduction

37
Q

impulse transmission

A

the transfer of an impulse from one cell to another

38
Q

synapse

A

junction where impulses are transmitted

39
Q

impulse transmission events differ based on

A

synapse functional type

40
Q

Types of synapse (2)

A

electrical and chemical synapse

41
Q

electrical synapse

A

Ions flow through gap junctions from cell to cell

42
Q

chemical synapse

A

Neurotransmitters cross cleft between cells, synaptic delay

43
Q

synaptic delay

A

chemical transmission is slower than conduction.

44
Q

steps of transmission at typical chemical synapse (5)

A

1 Impulse arrives at presynaptic terminal. 2 Voltage-gated Ca channels open and Ca enters the terminal. 3 Neurotransmitter released from vesicles by exocytosis. 4 Neurotransmitter diffuses across synaptic cleft and binds to receptors. 5 Binding of neurotransmitters opens ion channels, exciting or inhibiting post-synaptic cell.

45
Q

synapse structural types (3)

A

Axodendritic (most common), axosomatic (fairly common), axoaxonic (least common).

46
Q

there are __ different neurotransmitters

47
Q

The most widespread and well-known neurotransmitter

A

acetylcholine

48
Q

acetylcholine is used in what type of nervous system(s)? (2)

49
Q

acetylcholine occurs at all __ with skeletal muscle

50
Q

acetylcholine action is usually __ , but that depends on the __ .

A

excitatory; postsynaptic receptor

51
Q

gray matter (2)

A

neuron cell bodies and
neuroglia in CNS; ganglion in PNS

52
Q

white matter

A

myelinated axons/tracts
in CNS

53
Q

a bundle of axons includes (2)

A

tract in CNS, nerve in PNS

54
Q

nerve types (3)

A

sensory, motor, mixed

Anatomy (7 decks)

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