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Anatomy > Test 1 > Flashcards

Test 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What CT has semi-solid matrix and a high density of collagen fibers?

A

fibrocartilage

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2
Q

What region is distal to radius?

A

Manual/manus

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3
Q

What is the smooth indentation on the cranial floor?

A

Cranial fossa

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4
Q

What unpaired flat bone includes the gladiolus?

A

Sternum

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5
Q

What epidermal stratum is most metabolically active?

A

Basale

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6
Q

What are the main parts of the connective tissue extracellular matrix?

A

Fibers, ground substance

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7
Q

Extreme stretching that rips dermis

A

striae

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8
Q

Damage caused by heat separating epidermis from dermis

A

blister

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9
Q

Gland types that use exocytosis

A

merocrine (eccrine), apocrine

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10
Q

Gland type where a portion of the cell breaks off

A

Apocrine

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11
Q

Gland type where tip of cell breaks off

A

apocrine

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12
Q

Study of cells

A

cytology

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13
Q

Produce sweat

A

Sweat glands

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14
Q

Produce oil (sebum)

A

sebaceous glands

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15
Q

Study of tissues

A

histology

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16
Q

Study of anatomy in different species

A

comparative anatomy

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17
Q

Cell that builds bone

A

osteoblast

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18
Q

Cell that resorbs bone

A

osteoclast

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19
Q

Cranial bone (paired)

A

temporal, parietal

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20
Q

Cranial bone (unpaired)

A

ethmoid, sphenoid, frontal, occipital

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21
Q

Dense CT covering around outside of compact bone

A

periosteum

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22
Q

Dense CT covering the inside (medullary) cavity of bone

A

endosteum

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23
Q

Function of skeletal muscle

A

moves bones

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24
Q

Function of smooth muscle

A

piloerection, move objects through hallow organs

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25
Q

Short bones of hand

A

carpals

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26
Q

Short bone of foot

A

tarsals

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27
Q

Describe a female pelvis vs male?

A

wide with larger inlet

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28
Q

Describe the ulna

A

long bone, medial forearm bone, distal epiphysis is rounded head

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29
Q

Why do we use terms like anterior instead of “front of”

A

common language to remove ambiguity (according to anatomical position)

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30
Q

Briefly describe nervous tissue structure

A

glial cells, neurons, dendrites, axons

31
Q

Briefly describe nervous tissue function

A

sending/receiving signals between tissues.

32
Q

List four main steps in bone healing after a fracture

A

hematoma, soft callus, hard callus, remodeling

33
Q

Surface anatomy

A

study of how internal structures relate to external structures

34
Q

How many main tissue types occur in animals?

A

4

35
Q

What membrane is formed by connective tissue only?

A

Synovial membrane

36
Q

What intercellular junction facilitates movement of small molecules to adjacent cells?

A

Gap junction

37
Q

Polarity

A

apical and basal surfaces attach to different things

38
Q

Skeletal, cardiac, and smooth are types of what main tissue?

A

muscle

39
Q

What is one of the main cell types in nervous tissue?

A

Neurons, neuroglia

40
Q

What is the organic portion of the bone extracellular matrix?

A

Osteoid

41
Q

How many bones are usually in an adult axial skeleton?

A

80

42
Q

How does a short bone differ from a sesamoid bone?

A

sesamoid bones grow inside a tendon

43
Q

Which layer has the highest concentration of osteoblasts?

A

osteogenic layer of periosteum

44
Q

main function of skeletal joints?

A

Movement

45
Q

What structural joint type connects articulating bones through dense connective tissue only?

A

Fibrous

46
Q

What functional joint type occurs in the sutures of the skull?

A

synarthrotic

47
Q

Manual

A

hand region (manus)

48
Q

Acromial

A

tip of shoulder region (deltoid)

49
Q

Characteristics of Epithelia

A

polarity, supported by CT, specialized junctions, avascular, regeneration

50
Q

Classification of glands

A

Unicellular, multicellular; Endocrine, exocrine

51
Q

Goblet cell

A

exocrine gland; unicellular

52
Q

Glands that release hormones directly into the bloodstream.

A

endocrine glands

53
Q

Glands that release their secretions through ducts to an external or internal surface.

A

exocrine glands

54
Q

exocrine gland secretions

A

enzymes, sweat, oil, mucus

55
Q

exocrine glands transport secretions through

A

ducts

56
Q

Functional types of exocrine glands

A

merocrine (eccrine), apocrine, holocrine

57
Q

Apocrine is a __ gland that secretes by __ of the cellular material.

A

sweat; losing a portion

58
Q

Merocrine glands are __ glands that secrete __ __ cellular material and are the __ common.

A

sweat; without loosing; most

59
Q

holocrine glands are__ __ glands where cells __ to release their contents.

A

sebaceous oil; rupture

60
Q

Connective tissue originates from __ and is also known as __.

A

mesenchyme; embryotic

61
Q

Most connective tissue is __ vascularized, dense connective tissue is __ vascularized, cartilage is __.

A

well; poorly; avascular

62
Q

Connective tissue matrix

A

ground substance, fibers

63
Q

Ground substance structure

A

interstitial fluid, proteoglycans

64
Q

Connective tissue cell types (7)

A

adipocyte, chondroblast, fibroblast, hematopoietic stem cell, macrophage, mesenchymal cell, osteoblast

65
Q

Membrane

A

thin barrier that separates two compartments

66
Q

Major types of multi-tissue membranes (4)

A

cutaneous, mucous, serous, synovial

67
Q

The cutaneous membrane is a type of epithelial tissue, located on the __. It’s composition is __.

A

skin; dry

68
Q

The mucous membrane is a type of epithelial tissue, located on the __. It’s composition is __.

A

linings of open cavities; wet

69
Q

The serous membrane is a type of epithelial tissue, located in __. It’s composition is __ and it has __ layers.

A

closed ventral cavities; moist; 2

70
Q

The synovial membrane is a type of epithelial tissue, found __. It’s composition is __ .

A

covering joint cavities; wet

71
Q

reaction to living tissue damage

A

inflammation

72
Q

types of tissue damage

A

mechanical, chemical, biological, etc.

73
Q

What happens when there is damage to tissues?

A

blood flow increases and capillaries become more permeable

74
Q

Inflammation initiates the__, but excessive inflammation can cause health __.

A

healing process; problem

Anatomy (12 decks)

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