Test 2 (joints) Flashcards
articulations
joints; junctions between bones
articulation function
allow movement of skeleton, absorb shock
articulations are classified by (2)
function, structure
High __ means low __
mobility, stability
functional classifications (3)
synarthrosis, amphiarthrosis, diarthrosis
synarthrosis
immovable
amphiarthrosis
slightly moveable
diarthrosis
freely movable
root arthro
joint
structural classifications (3)
fibrous, cartilaginous, synovial
fibrous
bones attached by dense connective tissue
cartilaginous
bones attached by a pad or plate of cartilage
synovial
bones separated by a cavity, covered by cartilage, and
attached by dense connective tissue
ligaments that reinforce the synovial joint (3)
capsular, extracapsular, intracapsular
synovial fluid structure
“egg-whites”
synovial fluid function (3)
lubricate joint, absorb shock, carry nutrients to articular cartilage
special joint structures (3)
meniscus, bursa, tendon sheath
meniscus (articular disc) structure
disc or wedge of fibrocartilage
meniscus (articular disc) function
stabilizes and improves fit of joint; reduces wear
meniscus (articular disc) location
joints (temporomandibular, sternoclavicular, acromioclavicular , distal radioulnar), and knee.
bursa
Sac of synovial fluid that reduces wear on soft tissues
tendon sheath
sac of synovial fluid that reduces wear on soft tissues
synovial joints are classified by (2)
shape of articulating surface, movements allowed
types of movement (2)
plane, axis
plane movements (2)
uniplanar, multiplanar
axis movements (4)
nonaxial, uniaxial, biaxial, multiaxial
synovial joint types (6)
plane, hinge, pivot, condylar, saddle, ball-and-socket
plane (gliding) joint structure
articular surfaces are flat or slightly curved
plane (gliding) joint function
bones glide across each other
plane (gliding) joint types (2)
uniplanar, nonaxial
plane (gliding) joint locations
intercarpal and intertarsal joints
hinge joint structure
concave surface of one bone fits around convex surface of
another bone
hinge joint function and types
single plane movement; uniplanar, uniaxial
hinge joint locations
elbow, interphalangeal joints
pivot joint structure
cylindrical part of one bone fits in ring or sleeve formed by
another bone or a ligament
pivot joint function
twisting around the axis of the cylinder
pivot joint types
Uniplanar, uniaxial
pivot joint locations
atlantoaxial joint, proximal radioulnar joint (RUJ)
other names for condylar joints
condyloid, ellipsoidal
condylar joint structure
oval prominence of one bone fits into depression of another
bone
condylar joint function
multiplanar, biaxial
condylar joint type
multiplanar, biaxial
condylar joint locations
radiocarpal and metacarpophalangeal joints
saddle joint structure
both articular surfaces are concave and convex
saddle joint function
like condylar, but can move farther.
saddle joint types
multiplanar, biaxial
saddle joint locations
carpometacarpal joints of thumbs.
ball and socket joint structure
spherical head of one bone sits in cup-like depression of
another bone
ball and socket joint function
nearly universal mobility
ball and socket joint types
multiplanar, multiaxial
ball and socket joint locations
shoulder (glenohumeral), hip (coxal)
circumduction
circular movement of a body part
rotation
movement of a body part around its own axis
hand and finger movements
gliding, opposition, reposition
lateral excursion
Moving the mandible to the left or right side
medial excursion
Returning the mandible back to its neutral position from lateral excursion
reduction of the spine
return of spine to alignment
inversion
supination
eversion
pronation
dislocation (luxation)
bones of the joint move out of normal position
dislocation always damages __ and is usually painful because of __ damage
ligaments; soft tissue
for some joints like the shoulder, soft tissue __ recovers after dislocation.
never fully
arthritis
joint inflammation
most forms of arthritis are __ and irreversible. movement is painful due to damage of __.
chronic, irreversible; cartilage
most common form of arthritis, caused by erosion of cartilage over time.
osteoarthritis
TMJ joint types (2)
hybrid of condylar and hinge
What is unique about the TMJ?
bilateral joint movement; easy dislocation due to shallow fossa
Shoulder (glenohumeral) joint type
ball-and-socket
the shoulder joint relies on __ rather than bone for stability
soft tissues
the __ is the largest, most complex joint in the body
knee
knee joint types (3)
femoropatellar, lateral tibiofemoral, medial tibiofemoral
femoropatellar joint type
plane
lateral and medial tibiofemoral joint type
condyloid
the knee has at least __ associated bursae, categorized as __ (3)
12; prepatellar, suprapatellar, infrapatellar
