Test 2 Material Flashcards
For an organism classified as a photolithoautotroph, what is its carbon source?
CO2
What radio labeled atom could you use to test whether a component of a bacteria contained protein or not?
S-sulfur
For an organism classified as a photolithoautotroph, what is its energy source?
Light
For an organism classified as a photolithoautotroph, what does it use as it’s source of electrons?
Inorganic molecules
If you put an antibiotic into a growth media so bacteria that are sensitive to that antibiotic cannot grow what functional type of media would that be?
Selective media
If you have one B. Subtilis that has a generation time of 30 min and 100,000 mols of tuberculosis with a generation time of 12 hours which will you have more of after one day under optimal growth conditions?
B. Subtilis
Put the following in order by best growth temperatures from coldest to hottest.
Mesophile, psychrophile, thermophile
Psychrophile, Mesophile, thermophile
In general do psychrophiles grow at warmer or colder temperatures than psychrotrophs
Colder
List two structures that can be found on both eukaryotes and prokaryotes; and which would be made of different components in eukaryotes than prokaryotes
Flagella and cell wall
What is the power source for bacterial flagellar movement
Proton motive force
What characteristic of bacterial endospore help provide its resistance to environmental conditions?
- Dehydrated core
- Calcium/dipicolinic acid
- DNA repair enzymes
- Acid soluble-DNA binding proteins
- Spore coat
Where clathrin located prior to its functioning in endocytosis?
On the inner side of the cell membrane
What function does the conjugation pilus serve?
It allows for transfer of a plasmid from one bacterium to another
The basal body of a prokaryotic flagellum contains different numbers of rings depending on the type of organism. Do the flagella of a gram positive bacterium have more or fewer rings than a flagella of a gram negative bacterium
Fewer
The region in the bacteria that contains the genome (within the cytoplasm) is called
Nucleoid
List the characteristics if bacterial endospores that make them resistant to killing.
Dipicolinic acid complexed with calcium DNA binding proteins Dehydrated core Spore coat DNA repair enzymes
In photosynthesis, a common product is glucose. Electrons activated by light go through the electron transport chain to create NADPH and ATP that can be used in making glucose. Where does the carbon come from to make glucose?
CO2
The enzyme that converts proton gradient energy to ATP is the same in photosynthesis as it is in oxidative respiration. What enzyme complex does this?
ATP synthase
What is for attachment?
Short pili
Transfer of genetic information from one bacteria to another
Long pili
Transfers plasmids from one bacteria to another
Conjugation pilus
Short, thin, hairlike, proteinaceous appendages
Fimbriae
Required for mating (conjugation)
Sex pili
_________ replication is independent to chromosomal replication
Plasmid
What is the binding region?
Origin of replication
A circle of DNA that bacteria can absorb into the cell
Plasmid
Any substance that can destroy or inhibit the growth of bacteria and similar microorganisms
Antibiotics
Allow bacteria to share genes
Sex pili
Subunit for flagella
Flagellin
How could a pilus not be fimbriae?
If it’s a conjugation pilus
How could you tell if a flagellum belonged to a gram positive or a gram negative bacterium
The basal bodies are different: the negative bacteria have 4 rings, and then positive have 2 rings
An axial filament is a modification of what cellular structure?
Flagella
How many membranes are found on a bacterial endospore?
2
What does dipicolinic acid complex with in an endospore?
Calcium to ensure stability
Organisms need ________, ___________, _________ in order to grow.
- Building block atoms
- Energy Source
- Electron donor (and acceptors)
Elemental makeup of proteins:
CHONS
Elemental makeup of lipids:
CHOP
Elemental makeup of carbohydrates:
CHO
Elemental makeup of Nucleic acids:
CHONP
CO2 sole or principal bio synthetic carbon source
Autotrophs
Organic carbon source
In notes: reduced, preformed, organic molecules from other organisms
Heterotroph
Energy source: light
Phototrophs
Energy source: organic or inorganic compounds
Chemotrophs
Electron source: inorganic molecules
Lithotrophs
Electron source: organic molecules
Organotrophs
What nutritional types of micro organisms can live in the absence of other microorganisms?
- photolithoautotroph
- chemolithoautotroph
~because they don’t require organic molecules.
A nutritional type of microorganism that has CO2 as its carbon source, light as the energy source, and an inorganic electron source
Photolithoautotroph
A nutritional microorganism that has an organic carbon source, light as its energy source, and organic electron source.
Photoorganoheterotroph
A nutritional microorganism that has CO2 as its carbon source, inorganic chemicals as it’s energy source, and inorganic electrons as the electron source
Chemolithoautotroph
A nutritional microorganism that has an organic carbon source, inorganic chemicals as an energy source, and has an inorganic electron source
Chemolithoheterotroph
A nutritional microorganism that has an organic carbon source, has organic chemicals often the same as the carbon source for their source of energy, and have organic electrons that are also often the same as the carbon source
Chemoorganoheterotrophs
For a microorganism to be completely self sufficient what does it must have?
-CO2 as carbon source
-Have light or inorganic molecules for energy source
-And an inorganic electron source
Therefore, they all must be autotrophs and cannot be heterotrophs.
What are the 5 functional types of media
Supportive Enriched Defined Selective Differential
What is basic nutrient agar?
Supportive media
Supportive agar that contains extra components
Ex: iron from blood is used to grow.
Enriched media
What agar contains all individual known components including how much of each
Defined media
What agar will allow certain organisms to grow and others to not grow?
Selective media
What agar will have both organisms grow but will have different growth appearances?
Differential media
McConkie agar is _________ media because it contains bile salt found in your gut. It is also _______ media because it contains lactose, and bacteria that contain lactose turn pH indicators pink.
Selective
Differential
Special name for lactose bile salt bacteria
Coilforms
2 coliforms examples
E. Coli
Salmonella
Fermentation from utilizing sugars will give you ______
Acid
