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Microbiology > Test 2 Material > Flashcards

Test 2 Material Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
0
Q

For an organism classified as a photolithoautotroph, what is its carbon source?

A

CO2

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1
Q

What radio labeled atom could you use to test whether a component of a bacteria contained protein or not?

A

S-sulfur

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2
Q

For an organism classified as a photolithoautotroph, what is its energy source?

A

Light

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3
Q

For an organism classified as a photolithoautotroph, what does it use as it’s source of electrons?

A

Inorganic molecules

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4
Q

If you put an antibiotic into a growth media so bacteria that are sensitive to that antibiotic cannot grow what functional type of media would that be?

A

Selective media

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5
Q

If you have one B. Subtilis that has a generation time of 30 min and 100,000 mols of tuberculosis with a generation time of 12 hours which will you have more of after one day under optimal growth conditions?

A

B. Subtilis

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6
Q

Put the following in order by best growth temperatures from coldest to hottest.

Mesophile, psychrophile, thermophile

A

Psychrophile, Mesophile, thermophile

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7
Q

In general do psychrophiles grow at warmer or colder temperatures than psychrotrophs

A

Colder

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8
Q

List two structures that can be found on both eukaryotes and prokaryotes; and which would be made of different components in eukaryotes than prokaryotes

A

Flagella and cell wall

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9
Q

What is the power source for bacterial flagellar movement

A

Proton motive force

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10
Q

What characteristic of bacterial endospore help provide its resistance to environmental conditions?

A
  • Dehydrated core
  • Calcium/dipicolinic acid
  • DNA repair enzymes
  • Acid soluble-DNA binding proteins
  • Spore coat
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11
Q

Where clathrin located prior to its functioning in endocytosis?

A

On the inner side of the cell membrane

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12
Q

What function does the conjugation pilus serve?

A

It allows for transfer of a plasmid from one bacterium to another

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13
Q

The basal body of a prokaryotic flagellum contains different numbers of rings depending on the type of organism. Do the flagella of a gram positive bacterium have more or fewer rings than a flagella of a gram negative bacterium

A

Fewer

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14
Q

The region in the bacteria that contains the genome (within the cytoplasm) is called

A

Nucleoid

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15
Q

List the characteristics if bacterial endospores that make them resistant to killing.

A 
Dipicolinic acid complexed with calcium
DNA binding proteins
Dehydrated core
Spore coat 
DNA repair enzymes
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16
Q

In photosynthesis, a common product is glucose. Electrons activated by light go through the electron transport chain to create NADPH and ATP that can be used in making glucose. Where does the carbon come from to make glucose?

A

CO2

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17
Q

The enzyme that converts proton gradient energy to ATP is the same in photosynthesis as it is in oxidative respiration. What enzyme complex does this?

A

ATP synthase

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18
Q

What is for attachment?

A

Short pili

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19
Q

Transfer of genetic information from one bacteria to another

A

Long pili

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20
Q

Transfers plasmids from one bacteria to another

A

Conjugation pilus

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21
Q

Short, thin, hairlike, proteinaceous appendages

A

Fimbriae

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22
Q

Required for mating (conjugation)

A

Sex pili

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23
Q

_________ replication is independent to chromosomal replication

A

Plasmid

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24
Q

What is the binding region?

A

Origin of replication

25
Q

A circle of DNA that bacteria can absorb into the cell

A

Plasmid

26
Q

Any substance that can destroy or inhibit the growth of bacteria and similar microorganisms

A

Antibiotics

27
Q

Allow bacteria to share genes

A

Sex pili

28
Q

Subunit for flagella

A

Flagellin

29
Q

How could a pilus not be fimbriae?

A

If it’s a conjugation pilus

30
Q

How could you tell if a flagellum belonged to a gram positive or a gram negative bacterium

A

The basal bodies are different: the negative bacteria have 4 rings, and then positive have 2 rings

31
Q

An axial filament is a modification of what cellular structure?

A

Flagella

32
Q

How many membranes are found on a bacterial endospore?

A

2

33
Q

What does dipicolinic acid complex with in an endospore?

A

Calcium to ensure stability

34
Q

Organisms need ________, ___________, _________ in order to grow.

A
  • Building block atoms
  • Energy Source
  • Electron donor (and acceptors)
35
Q

Elemental makeup of proteins:

A

CHONS

36
Q

Elemental makeup of lipids:

A

CHOP

37
Q

Elemental makeup of carbohydrates:

A

CHO

38
Q

Elemental makeup of Nucleic acids:

A

CHONP

39
Q

CO2 sole or principal bio synthetic carbon source

A

Autotrophs

40
Q

Organic carbon source

In notes: reduced, preformed, organic molecules from other organisms

A

Heterotroph

41
Q

Energy source: light

A

Phototrophs

42
Q

Energy source: organic or inorganic compounds

A

Chemotrophs

43
Q

Electron source: inorganic molecules

A

Lithotrophs

44
Q

Electron source: organic molecules

A

Organotrophs

45
Q

What nutritional types of micro organisms can live in the absence of other microorganisms?

A
  • photolithoautotroph
  • chemolithoautotroph

~because they don’t require organic molecules.

46
Q

A nutritional type of microorganism that has CO2 as its carbon source, light as the energy source, and an inorganic electron source

A

Photolithoautotroph

47
Q

A nutritional microorganism that has an organic carbon source, light as its energy source, and organic electron source.

A

Photoorganoheterotroph

48
Q

A nutritional microorganism that has CO2 as its carbon source, inorganic chemicals as it’s energy source, and inorganic electrons as the electron source

A

Chemolithoautotroph

49
Q

A nutritional microorganism that has an organic carbon source, inorganic chemicals as an energy source, and has an inorganic electron source

A

Chemolithoheterotroph

50
Q

A nutritional microorganism that has an organic carbon source, has organic chemicals often the same as the carbon source for their source of energy, and have organic electrons that are also often the same as the carbon source

A

Chemoorganoheterotrophs

51
Q

For a microorganism to be completely self sufficient what does it must have?

A

-CO2 as carbon source
-Have light or inorganic molecules for energy source
-And an inorganic electron source
Therefore, they all must be autotrophs and cannot be heterotrophs.

52
Q

What are the 5 functional types of media

A 
Supportive
Enriched
Defined
Selective 
Differential
53
Q

What is basic nutrient agar?

A

Supportive media

54
Q

Supportive agar that contains extra components

Ex: iron from blood is used to grow.

A

Enriched media

55
Q

What agar contains all individual known components including how much of each

A

Defined media

56
Q

What agar will allow certain organisms to grow and others to not grow?

A

Selective media

57
Q

What agar will have both organisms grow but will have different growth appearances?

A

Differential media

58
Q

McConkie agar is _________ media because it contains bile salt found in your gut. It is also _______ media because it contains lactose, and bacteria that contain lactose turn pH indicators pink.

A

Selective

Differential

59
Q

Special name for lactose bile salt bacteria

A

Coilforms

60
Q

2 coliforms examples

A

E. Coli

Salmonella

61
Q

Fermentation from utilizing sugars will give you ______

A

Acid

Microbiology (5 decks)

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