Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Microbiology > Micro Lab Practical > Flashcards

Micro Lab Practical Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
0
Q

What are some factors that would have effected the microbial growth?

A

Time, temp, incubation, nutritional requirements

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

What is the main point of ubiquity?

A

understand that microbes are found virually everywhere

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Proper set up of the microscope

A

-Use two hands to carry -Place gently on lab bench -Take off dust cover, put in cabinet -Unwrap cord completely -Make sure light is off and rheostat is turned down -Plug in cord -Turn on light

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Proper storage microscope

A

-turn off light -Turn rheostat down -click low power lens in place over condenser -make sure there is no oil on lens or stage -lower stage all the way down -wrap cord around base but not condenser -tuck plug into coiled cord carefully put microscope into cabinet w/ dust cover

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Total magnification

A

Ocular power x objective power

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

A focus issue, when moving from objectives the new image being relatively in focus

A

Parfocal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

The virtual image appear upside down and backwards in the microscope

A

Inversion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Number of times the size of the image exceeds the original object

A

Magnification

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Bending of light back into the field of view

A

Refraction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Given by the objection

A

Real image

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Is seen through the oculars

A

Virtual image

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Arm

A

Connects tube to base, used to carry the microscope

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Base

A

Bottom support of the microscope

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What microscope has two oculars

A

Binocular microscope

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Body of microscope

A

Includes eye piece and objective lens but not the focus block

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Course focus knob

A

Used to move objective lens towards or away from the specimen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Condenser lens

A

Increase elimination and resolution Focus or condense the light into a specimen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Thickness of object space within which objects focus by a lens will appear in good simultaneous focus

A

Depth of field or depth of focus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

It varies the amount of light passing through the stage opening which will help to illuminate the specimen and increase contrast and resolution

A

Diaphragm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Knob used to focus on various parts of the specimen to fine tune the focus

A

Fine focus knob

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Diameter of the circle of light that you see when looking through a microscope

A

Field of view

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Moving the specimen closer or further away from the objective lens to render a sharper image

A

Focus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Special oil used in microscopy with only the 100x objective lens. Acts as a bridge between the glass slide and the lens which concentrates the light path and increases the resolution of the image

A

Immersion of oil

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

The adjustment made for the distance of the viewers eyes which allows the eye piece lenses to spread apart of get closer together. It allows the viewer to see the specimen with both eyes

A

Inter pupillary adjustment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Consists of a slide holder and two knobs. One know moved the slide towards or away, and the other knob moves the slide left and right

A

Mechanical Stage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Also called a micron is the metric linear measurement used in microscopy. 1/1 millionth of a meter

A

Micrometer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Part of the microscope that holds objective lenses

A

Revolving nose piece

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Lenses that are closest to the object and gives the 3-D effect

A

Objective lens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

When changing from one objective lens to another the image of the object should stay centered

A

Par centered

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Ability of a lens system to show fine details of the object being observed

A

Resolution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

How to prepare a bacterial smear:

A

-Mix liquid culture -Place two drops on center of slide using loops -spread to app. Quarter size -air dry completely -heat fix

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Why do we air dry completely?

A

So that the cells can shrink

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

What are three reasons to heat fix:

A

-kills any alive bacteria -facilitates stain penetration -fixes the cells cell wall to the slide so they don’t wash off when staining

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

How many stains are used in simple staining?

A

1 - crystal violet

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

What is a basic stain and why is it used?

A

Crystal violet is the basic stain and is used because it has a positive charge which is attracted to a negative cell wall

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

What is the charge in a bacterial cell?

A

Negative charge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

New cell shapes and arrangements

A

Palisades- bacilli | | Sarcina- a cocci forms a 3D cube

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

The 4 steps of gram stains?

A
  1. Crystal violet 2. Iodine 3. Alcohol 4. Saffrinin
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

What’s the function of crystal violet?

A

Primary stain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

What is the function of iodine?

A

It’s a mordant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

What is the function of alcohol

A

De-colorizer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

What is the function of saffrinin?

A

The counter stain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

The colors for a gram positive in a cell in each step:

A

1.crystal violet- purple 2. Iodine- purple 3. Alcohol- purple 4. Saffrinin- purple

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

The colors for a gram negative in a cell in each step:

A
  1. Crystal violet- purple 2. Iodine- purple 3. Alcohol- colorless 4. Saffrinin- pink
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

What could go wrong in a gram stain?

A

-Too much decolorization of gram positive may cause them to lose its color and appear gram negative -insufficient decolorization of gram negative may allow them to retain their purple color and appear positive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

Why is gram staining more widely used than simple staining?

A

Since most bacteria are gram +/- so we do gram stain to differentiate between them

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

What is the structure that is being differentiated in gram staining?

A

Cell wall

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

How do gram-positive and gram-negative organisms differ structurally?

A

Gram-negative have less peptidoglycan. Therefore, fail to trap the iodine Crystal violet complex. Also has an outer membrane and two periplasmic spaces.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

Why did we use the modified Anthony’s procedure in capsule staining?

A

Acid stains do not look good

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

Purpose of the milk broth in capsule staining?

A

To give a stand-able background

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

Function of a capsule for a bacterial cell?

A
  • Protection from phagocytosis
  • serves as a buffer between the cell and it’s external environment
  • protects bacteria from dehydration and traps nutrients from surrounding environments.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

What are the dangers of heat fixing in capsule staining?

A

We can get burned but also dehydrate the cell and creates a false capsule where the stain would not bind

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

Function of endospores

A

Ensure survival of bacteria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

Different endospores presentation

A

-terminal, non-swollen, circular -sub terminal, non-swollen, circular -central, non-swollen, circular -terminal, swollen, circular -sub terminal, swollen, circular -central, swollen, circular -free, circular -free, oval

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

How and why is the bacticinerator used, in transfer techniques?

A

To sterilize the loop during microbial transfers in order to prevent contamination.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

Movement of bacteria from one media to another

A

Subculturing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
56
Q

Contains only 1 species

A

Pure culture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
57
Q

Contains more than one microbial species

A

Mixed culture

58
Q

Movement of microbes without contamination

A

Aseptic technique

59
Q

Introduction of unwanted microbes

A

Contamination

60
Q

Separate masses of bacteria

A

Colony

61
Q

How many cells does a colony originate from?

A

1

62
Q

Evidence by turbidity

A

Broth growth

63
Q

Types of broth growth

A

Ring Pellicle Sediment Uniform fine turbidity Flocculent

64
Q

Evidence by visual mass of growths as well as pigmentation & optical properties

A

Slant growth

65
Q

Types of slant growths

A

Filiform Spreading edge not eagle Friable

66
Q

Non-motile and lacks flagella

A

Filliform

67
Q

Motile with flagella

A

Spreading edge not eagle

68
Q

Dry and crusty!

A

Friable

69
Q

The most information is provided by plate growth, what elements are examined?

A

examine form, margin, elevation, optical/pigment properties

70
Q

________ tells you the overall shape

A

Form

71
Q

Form types:

A

Circular Irregular Punctiform Rhizoids Filamentous

72
Q

Rise off the agar surface

A

Elevation

73
Q

Elevation types:

A

Flat raised convex pulvinate umbonate crateriform

74
Q

Describes the edge if colonies

A

Margin

75
Q

Margin types:

A

Entire Lobate Undulate Curled Rhizoids Filamentous

76
Q

Describes color

A

Pigmentation

77
Q

Pigment types

A

Pigmented Non-pigmented

78
Q

Optical properties describe

A

reflected and transmitted light

79
Q

Reflected light types:

A

Shiny- rough, smooth Dull- rough, smooth

80
Q

Transmitted light types:

A

Opaque- no light can pass through, milk Translucent- some light passes, apple juice Transparent- all light passes, water

81
Q

Organisms have ranges in which they can grow: minimum, maximum, and optimum

A

Cardinal temperature

82
Q

Cardinal temperature determines ________

A

Thermal classifications

83
Q

Types of thermal classifications:

A

Psychrophile Mesophile Thermophile

84
Q

Psychrophile thrive in

A
85
Q

Mesophile thrive

A

Between 20-45 deg Celsius

86
Q

Thermophiles thrive:

A

Above 45 deg Celsius

87
Q

______ may be used to kill microorganisms on inanimate objects such as instruments and thermometers.

A

Disinfectants

88
Q

Used to kill organisms on living organisms such as skin

A

Antiseptics

89
Q

Form

A

Circular

90
Q

Elevation

A

Convex

91
Q

Elevation

A

Pulvinate

92
Q

Elevation

A

Umbonate

93
Q

Elevation

A

Crateriform

94
Q

EleelElevationEleEElElevation

A

Flat

95
Q

Elevation

A

Raised

96
Q

Form and Margin

A

Filimentous

97
Q

Form

A

Irregular

98
Q

Form

A

Punctiform

99
Q

Form and Margin

A

Rhizoid

100
Q

Margin

A

Entire

101
Q

Margin

A

Lobate

102
Q

Margin

A

Undulate

103
Q

Margin

A

Curled

104
Q

Margin

A

Filimentous

105
Q

Pigmentation

A

Pigmented

106
Q

Pigmentation

A

Non-Pigmented

107
Q

Reflected Light

A

Dull, Rough

108
Q

Reflected Light

A

Dull, smooth

109
Q

Reflected Light

A

Shiny, rough

110
Q

Reflected Light

A

Shiny, smooth

111
Q

Transmitted Light

A

Opaque

112
Q

Transmitted Light

A

Translucent

113
Q

Transmitted Light

A

Transparent

114
Q

What does heat do?

A

denature proteins

115
Q

What do cold temperatures accomplish?

A

slow or inhibited growth

116
Q

Effects of moist heat

A

decrease temperature & decrease exposure

117
Q

Effects of dry heat

A

increase temperature & increase exposure

118
Q

What is an antibiotic?

A

naturally produced by bacteria and some fungi

119
Q

What is an antimicrobic?

A

partially or fully synthesized in the lab; improvements made to antibiotics to help us

120
Q

What were the limitations of the temperature experiment?

A

too few temperatures

ideally need 1 degree incraments

no identifiable cardinal range- min max optimum

121
Q

Where can susceptible organisms not grow?

A

in the zone of inhibition

122
Q

Where can resistant organisms grow?

A

there is no zone of inhibition; so they can grow everywhere

123
Q

_____ _____ works on a small range of microbes

A

narrow spectrum

124
Q

_____ _____ works on a wide range of microbes

A

broad spectrum

125
Q

Why is quadrant streak plating used?

A

to separate out cells in a mixed culture which allows for visually distiguish various bacteria in order to relocate for a pure culture

126
Q

What is the procedure for simple staining?

A

flood slide with crystal violet; allow to sit for 60 seconds; rinse with H2O; blot dry with bibitous paper

127
Q

What is the proper technique of handwashing?

A

warm water; plenty of soap; hands angled downward; say ABC two times; rinse; turn water off with paper towel

128
Q

Resons for non-compliance in hand-washing?

A

busy, soap is irritating to skin, gloves are hard to put on

129
Q

How do you make a bacterial smear?

A

two drops of water on slide with loop; spread bacteria from slant/broth/plate in H2O; air dry; heat fix

130
Q

What dye is used in endospore staining?

A

malachite green & safranin

131
Q

What type of stain is the endospore stain?

A

structural stain

132
Q

LIst several factors that must be standardized to enhance the usefulness of the antibiotic susceptibility test by the Kirby-Bauer method

A

depth of agar, pH, number of microbes

Everything standardized except the drug effect to be examined

133
Q

Why is it more advisable to use a swab instead of a loop for preparing a lawn of bacteria on an agar plate?

A

the loop can cut the agar and is less effective while a swab makes it easier to spread and has less damage potential

134
Q

How might one explain the appearance of colonies of bacteria within the zone of inhibition?

A

resistant mutants have grown

135
Q

What does the Kirby-Bauer method test for?

A

how to test for anti-microbic drugs

136
Q

What type of agar was used in the Kirby-Bauer method? What makes it unique?

A

Mueller Hinton;

it is an H2O based agar that allows for diffusion through membranes and growth from an extremely broad range of organisms

137
Q

What could happen if a bacterial smear is too thin?

A

the cells might be hard to find

138
Q

What could happen if the bacterial smear is too thick?

A

it could be hard to see individual cells

139
Q

Why is heat necessary for the successful performance of the spore stain technique?

A

bacterial endospores contain numerous protective layers which cannot be penetrated easily, so heat is used to drive the dye into the cells

140
Q

HOw is the effect of antibiotics on bacteria determined?

A

Standardized Disk Susceptibility Test

a.k.a Kirby-Bauer Method

141
Q

What are the two functons of CuSo4 in the ANthony Stain Procedure?

A

staining and rinsing the dye away

142
Q

What was the purpose of the control in the temperature experiment?

A

tested comparison which shows the effect of no growth o bacteria after heat exposure

Microbiology (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions