Test 2 - Lecture 1 (sensory reception)

Question 1

photoreceptors

Answer 1

vision

Question 2

chemoreceptors

Answer 2

smell/taste

Question 3

mechanoreceptors

Answer 3

touch

Question 4

nociceptors

Answer 4

pain

Question 5

“the state of” implies current conditions…

Answer 5

both within and outside the body

Question 6

peripheral

Answer 6

outside the CNS

Question 7

stimulus

Answer 7

physical energy to which a particular sensory receptor will respond

Question 8

transduction

Answer 8

neurochemical process through which a sensory neuron transforms the stimulus energy into a bioelectrical signal

Question 9

bioelectrical signal

Answer 9

action potentials that originate from a sensory neuron

Question 10

mechanical receptors stimulated by

Answer 10

pressure/sound

Question 11

electromagnetic receptors stimulated by

Answer 11

radiant heat; light (retna)

Question 12

thermal receptors stimulated by

Answer 12

heat

Question 13

chemical receptors stimulated by

Answer 13

aciditiy; concentration

Question 14

modality

Answer 14

type of stimulus

Question 15

intensity

Answer 15

strength of stimulus

Question 16

duration

Answer 16

span of time that stimulus is sensed

Question 17

location

Answer 17

of the receptor upon or within the body, and/or the origin of the stimulus from outside the body

Question 18

sensory receptor: sensory neuron

Answer 18

directly transduces the stimulus energy

gives rise to an axon that serves as the primary sensory afferent fiber from that receptor

Question 19

sensory receptor: modified epithelial cell

Answer 19

receives the stimulus energy

Question 20

accessory structures to a sensory receptor

Answer 20

enhance or focus a particular stimulus upon the receptor

Question 21

sensory receptors transduce the “ “ into a coded ___________ for relay in the CNS

Answer 21

stimulus energy; bioelectrical signal

Question 22

stimulus transduction starts with a

Answer 22

generator potential

Question 23

generator potential

Answer 23

responsive depolarization of the sensory neuron’s membrane

Question 24

the greater a stimulus intensity is…

Answer 24

the greater the membrane change is

Question 25

the greater the stimulus intensity is…

Answer 25

the greater the depolarization of sensory neuron is

Question 26

stimulus threshold

Answer 26

how strong stimulus intensity is action upon a receptor

Question 27

the greater the stimulus intensity is above threshold…

Answer 27

the greater the depolarization and frequency is

Question 28

the frequency of action potentials encodes

Answer 28

stimulus intensity

Question 29

the duration of the train of action potentials encodes

Answer 29

stimulus duration

Question 30

recepter “adaptation”

Answer 30

declining generator response during a sustained stimulus

Question 31

slowly adapting sensory receptors

Answer 31

gradually decreasing frequency for the duration that the stimulus is applied
(stimulus intensity is changing, but not while it is sustained)

Question 32

rapidly adapting sensory receptors

Answer 32

rapid fall in the frequency of action potentials, or else a complete cessation of action potentials for the remainder of the stimulus duration
(sustained signaling as long as the stimulus is sustained, with a gradual reduction in the frequency)

Question 33

peripheral sensory information are…

Answer 33

primary afferent axons and synapse in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord

Question 34

first order neuron

Answer 34

sensory receptor neuron in the periphery that transduces the stimulus energy into a train of action potentials
(axon is a primary sensory afferent fiber)

Question 35

second order relay neuron

Answer 35

located in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord

(projects a secondary fiber via an ascending tract through the spinal cord and brainstem

Question 36

third order relay neuron

Answer 36

located within the thalamus

projects a tertiary fiber into the primary sensory cortex of the brain

Question 37

the distribution of peripheral sensory receptors presents as being

Answer 37

topographically organized

Question 38

topographically organized

Answer 38

spatial arrangement of the primary afferent fibers “maps” the spatial arrangement of the receptive fields

Question 39

somatotopic mapping

Answer 39

is maintained from specific body regions through the ascending tracts of fibers into specific regions of the sensory cortex so as to preserve identification of the location of peripheral sensory information

Question 40

two major ascending tracts serve to relay peripheral sensory information into the somatosensory areas of the cerebral cortex

Answer 40

dorsal column

anterolateral (ventrolateral) system