Test 2 Lecture 1 Pericardium Flashcards
What is the Pericardium
Fibrous Sac surrounding the heart and roots of great vessels
Where does pericardium fuse inferiorly and superiorly
Superiorly: Adventitia of Superior vena cava, ascending aorta and pulmonary arteries
Inferior: Central Tendon of Diaphragm
What attaches the paracardium to the sternum
Attached superiorly by two sternocardial ligaments
How is neck connected to the pericardum
Pretrachial fascia in the neck descends to fuse with anterior surface of the pericardium
How is posterior pericardium attached
Membranous connective tissue attaches the pericardium to tracheal bifurcation and main bronchi
What overlaps the pericardium
Two pleural sacs and the lungs
What drapes over the peracardium laterally
Mediastinal Plura
What is sandwiched between Pleura and Pericardium
Phrenic Nerve, Pericadiophrenic artery and Vein
What does Pericardium contact posteriorly
Esophagus, descending aorta and Main Bronchi
What migrates medially during pericardium development
Pleruopericardial Folds migrate medially and bring phrenic nerves with them
What is the Pericardium
Fibrous Sac surrounding the heart and roots of great vessels
What happens as pleuropericardial folds migrate medially
The roots of each pleuropericardial fold migrates Ventrally
What happens at end of 5th week
The pleuropericardial folds fuse partitioning the thoracic cavity into pericardial cavity and pleural cavity
When do pleuropericardial folds start migrating
Begininning of 5th week
What makes up the outer layer of pericardium
Dense connective tissue called fibrous pericardium
What is on the inner part of pericardium
Inner serous part includes the parietal and Visceral Layer
What is the serous part of pericardium
Enclosed sac inbetween parietal and Visceral layer called the pericardial cavity
What is the function of firbous pericadium
it is inelastic and functions to retain heart in position and limit distension
What does the parietal layer of heart adhere to
Pericardium
What is the Visceral layer of heart called and what is it called
Binds loosely to the heart and is also called epicardium
What is located under epicardium
Loose connective tissue containing fat and blood vessels
What is the heart completely invested in ?
Epicardium
What is special about the posterior irregular area of the heart
Instead of being invested in epicardium the irregular area between vena cava and pulmonary veins myocardium contacts fibrous pericardium
During the third week of development heart is forme from cells that form a horseshoe shaped region called
Cardiogenic Region
Endocardial Tubes
By day 19 these tubes form and they fuse together to form single primitive heart tube
This forms most of the right ventricle and parts of overflow tracts for aorta and pulmonary trunk
Bulbis Cordis
Forms most of the left ventricle
Primitive Ventricle
Forms anterior parts of right and left atria
Primitive atrium
Right and Left Horn, forms the superior vena cava and part of right atrium
Sinus Venosus
When does heart begin to beat
Day 22
What forms transverse pericardial sinus
Primitive atrial and venous ends are brought together
What forms oblique pericardial sinus
Veins expand and pericardial reflection is carried out around them
What constitues the blood supply to the pericardium
pericardiophrenic arteries, musculophrenic arteries, branches of thoracic aorta (bronchial, esophageal and superior phrenic) and coronary arteries (Visceral layer only)
What constitues venous drainage for the pericardium
pericardiophrenic vein, internal thoracic vein and branches of azygous system
what provides somatic sensory innervation to fibrous and parietal layers of paricardium
Phrenic Nerves
What provides visceral sensory to epicardium
Cardiac Plexuses
Does Epicardium feel pain?
No, it is insensitive to pain
What is the mediastinum
Portion of thoracic cavity between the lungs
What four regions can the mediastinum be divided into
Anterior mediastinum, Posterior Mediastinum, Middle mediastinum, Superior Mediastinum
