Anatomy HSF II Lecture 1

Question 1

Ribs that attach Vertabrae to Sternum

Answer 1

True Ribs 1-7

Question 2

Cartilages that attach to cartilages of ribs superior

Answer 2

False Ribs 8-10

Question 3

Ribs that have cartilages ending in posterior abdominal wall musculature

Answer 3

Floating Ribs

Question 4

Cartilages of 7-10 combine for form ?

Answer 4

Infrasternal Angle

Question 5

Boundaries of Superior thoracic Apperature

Answer 5

Ist thoracic vertabrae, Ist Pair of Ribs and Superior Border of Manubrium, 1st pair of ribs and 1st vertebrae

Question 6

Levator Costae

Answer 6

O: Transverse Processes of Vertabrae
I: Inferior Rib
F: Weakly Elevate the rib at their angle

Question 7

Serratus Posterior Superior

Answer 7

O: Spinous Processes under thoracic Vertabrae; I: Ribs 3-6. Raises the Ribs

Question 8

Serratus Posterior Inferior

Answer 8

O: Lumbar Vertabrae to Lower ribs 9-10. Function Depresses the ribs

Question 9

Scalene

Answer 9

O: Transverse Process Cervical Spine. I: Anterior and Middle : Rib 1. Posterior: Rib 2. Functio: Flex neck. Elevate Respiratory Organs. (insertion and origin reverse when needed for respiration such as asthma). Usually just holds neck stable

Question 10

Intercostal Space

Answer 10

Located Between Innermost and Internal Innercostal. VAN (Vein : suprior) Nerve: inferior. Nerve: Ventral Ramus, Somatic motor to innercostal muscles and sensory to skin overlying costals

Question 11

In terms of introducing a needle to interocostal space where does the nerve lie and where should the needle go

Answer 11

Nerve lies inferior to ribs and the needle should only go to superior border of the ribs

Question 12

Hemiadaphram

Answer 12

Paralysis of one side of diaphragm, paradoxical movement. The side working goes down increases abdominal pressure and it pushes up on the side not working. Side not working elevated higher than it should be

Question 13

Two Parts of Diaphragm

Answer 13

Muscular Part with fibers converging to Central Tendon

Central Tendon which is aponeurotic and fused with inferior surface of pericardium

Question 14

3 muscular parts of the diaphgram

Answer 14

Sternal: Attaches diaphragm to posterior Sternum
Costal: Attaches Diaphgram to costal Cartilages
Lumbar: Attaches diaphgram to Crura

Question 15

Originiations of Right and Left Crus of Lumbar portion of diaphgram

Answer 15

Right Crus: First 3 lumbar vertabrae

Left Crus: First 2 Lumbar Vertabrae

Question 16

Ligament that passes over the aorta from Diaphgram

Answer 16

Median Arcuate LIgament

Question 17

Ligaments that pass from diaphgram over psoas and quadratus lamborum

Answer 17

Medial and Lateral Arcuate Ligaments

Question 18

Vena Cava foramen for Inferior Vena Cava inserts?

Answer 18

Central Tendon T8-T9 disc

Question 19

Contents of Central Tendon

Answer 19

Inferior vena Cava, Right Phrenic Nerve, Lymphatic Vessels

Question 20

Contents through Right Crus at T-10 Esophageal Hiatus

Answer 20

Esophagus, Vagal Trunks, Esophageal Branches of left gastric Vessels

Question 21

Aortic Hiatus Location

Answer 21

Posterior to Diaphgram between Crura and T-12

Question 22

Contents of Aortic Hiatus

Answer 22

Aorta, Thoracic Duct, Azygous Vein

Question 23

Impact of Contraction of Diaphgram on Vena Cava Aorta and Esophagus

Answer 23

Esophagus contract: prevents stomach contents from going into esophagus
Vena Cava: Dilates increases blood Flow
Aorta: No impact on it because it doesnt pass diaphgram

Question 24

Condition where esophagus isn’t able to keep stomach contents from going into thorax

Answer 24

Hiatal Hernia

Question 25

Pericardiophrenic Aretery

Answer 25

Comes from Internal Thoracic Artery, runs alongside Phrenic Nerve. Supplies Pericardium and Diaphgram

Question 26

Musculophrenic Artery

Answer 26

Branches of Internal Thoracic artery and gives some blood to diaphgram

Question 27

Superior Phrenic artery

Answer 27

Comes off the aorta and supply superior part of diaphgram

Question 28

Inferior Phrenic Artery

Answer 28

Once aorta goes behind diaphgram it gives off inferior phrenic. It supplies the inferior diaphgram

Question 29

Motor Innervation of Diaphgram

Answer 29

C3 C4 C5 keeps you alive

Question 30

Sensory of Diaphgram

Answer 30

Phrenic Nerve: Central Portion | Intertcostal Nerves T7-T 12: Peripheral parts

Question 31

Autonomic Innervation Overrides what?

Answer 31

Somatic Innervation

Question 32

Fusion of four structures that form the diaphgram

Answer 32

Septum transversum , Dorsal Esophgeal mesentry, peripheral rim of body wall, Pleruperitoneal membranes

Question 33

Septum Transversum origination

Answer 33

Mesoderm that originally develops from cervical myotomes and then migrates caudally. It is innervated by Cervical Spinal Cord Segments

Question 34

Herniea caused by congenital Abnormalities of diaphgram

Answer 34

Foramen of morgani, Foramen of Bochdalek, Central Tendon Deficiency and large esophgeal hiatus

Question 35

Acquired Herniae

Answer 35

Sliding: Upper stomach and lower esophagus slide upwards together when patient bends or lies down Rolling: Cardia remains in normal position and fundus rolls upwards. (no regurgitation)

Question 36

What lies in the Fatty tissue of breast

Answer 36

15-20 lobes of grandular tissue

Question 37

Where are mammary glands drained?

Answer 37

At nipple by lactiferous ducts

Question 38

Pigment around nipple

Answer 38

Areola

Question 39

What happens to Lobules during lactation

Answer 39

Smaller

Question 40

What supports the lobules

Answer 40

Connective tissue suspensory ligaments

Question 41

Space between breast tissue and pectoral Fascia

Answer 41

Retromammary Space

Question 42

Scrinched Skin around lymphatic system infected. Builds up in dermis around hair follicle

Answer 42

Peau d' Orange

Question 43

What fills up during cancer and causes assymetery as breast moves up and down pectoral wall

Answer 43

Retromammary Space

Question 44

What is important part of breast tissue, not normally thought of as part of breast

Answer 44

Axillary Tail

Question 45

Arterial supply to breast is via mammary branches of

Answer 45

Internal Thoracic, Lateral Thoracic, Thoracoacromial and posterior intercostal arteries (this branches from thoracic aorta)

Question 46

Venous drainage occurs via tributaries to

Answer 46

Axillary Vein and internal thoracic vein

Question 47

Why is lymphatic drainage important?

Answer 47

Due to its roll in breast cancer

Question 48

Apporximately 75% of lymphatic drainage occurs to

Answer 48

Lateral, subscapular, central, pectoral and apical Lymph nodes

Question 49

Axillary nodes not usually involved in breast ancer

Answer 49

Lateral and Subscapular

Question 50

Nodes involved in cancer

Answer 50

Apical Pectoral Central

Question 51

25% drainage goes to

Answer 51

infraclavicular, supraclavicular and parasternal Nodes

Question 52

Interpectoral Node

Answer 52

Between pec major and minor. Dangerous to drain here

Question 53

Positive cancer biopsy of this node indicated cancer probably spread to blood

Answer 53

Scalene Node Cancer in supraclavicular area

Question 54

Path of Lymph

Answer 54

Pectoral to central to apical