Test 2 from lectures Flashcards
During the Theban revolt what happens that is significant?
Burns, kills, sells Greeks into slavery
In the Alexander Campaign in Tyre what happens?
Houses Persian navy , Brings in grain from Egypt Persian navy grain, Burns, crucifies, women and kids sold into slavery (very similar to Thebes)
Alexandria did what for future generations?
Preserved for future generations
When was the height of Alexander?
Burning Xeres Athens
Aftermath divides into 4 by his generals, Greece was led by who?
Antigonid
Aftermath divides into 4 by his generals, Egypt was led by who?
Ptolemy
Aftermath divides into 4 by his generals, Mesopotamia was led by who?
Selecus
Aftermath divides into 4 by his generals, Asia Minor was led by who?
Attalid
Who loved Alexander the Great?
Romans
Under Darius gives them order to
not return home but stay throughout empire to remarry and have sons, huge insult
VIRTUE was well liked by Romans, what does it mean?
sacrifice for the good of the empire and Putting aside personal gains for the whole and future generations
Roman Republic geography wise
Centralized (one city rule) marks importance
Roman roads are
straight as possible
The family name is
First name only used by family
gaius (1st)
known but only family uses this name
Julius (2nd)
clan name and most important of 3, 2nd one
Caesar (3rd)
family within the clan
Senate had white togas and made up of
30 clans
Assembly included
all citizens
To be a citizen of Rome
Both parents born and served in military
and Must serve in military
We got the
electoral college from the Romans to control mob rule
Citizenship level 1
Rome (can vote, office, Senate)
Citizenship level 2
Citizens without vote (outside of citizenship, working their way up, serving in military)
Citizenship level 3
Latin Allies (signed treaties, ability to work up, protected under their law)
The top of the government is the (like the president)
consul, Lead armies, See over Senate, Have veto power over each other to get to Consul do all other jobs, military, and work up
the 2nd of the government is the (like the lawyers)
praetor, Law, Oversaw providence or city
3rd in the government like the city manager
Aedile, Love or hated in History, Marketplace, buildings, In charge of gladiatorial games, Borrowed lots of money (Julius Caesar when in position), Bread and maintained price
The Romans like even
numbers
The Gladiatorial games importance
tunnels, executions, “halftime shows” in our world, water battles (flooding colosseum), Extravagant
the 4th in the government like the treasurer
Quaestor, CPA, money, budget
The lowest position in the government was the
Tribunes, were they began
1 person used during times of emergencies
dictator, was judged, Elected because of qualifications
2 oldest in Senate
Were rich, Set tax rates and select people to move up in Senate
Oversee certain areas (providences)
Govern, Make money, Senate appoints
Caesar (6 yrs.) makes SO MUCH MONEY
His slave money was thrown to people
Senate can revoke anytime
Who is the vice proconsul
the legate that is an Administrative assistant but Proconsul can fire him
In 390 CE what happens?
Give everything (Gold) to Galts, Decide now they won’t lose, Rome may get defeated but keep coming back
17% of population is in the
military at all time
4 factors of success
- Free men- duty
- Training (all the time)
- Legion (Pattern in battle but the key was the Roman soldiers and One on one fighting)
- IMPROVISE (Great engineers and Come up with something new)
What was the ideas behind the preventive wars?
Get them before they get you and make treaties
In Carthage Baal is a God meaning
rain/fertile, good for them
What is the defining moment for Rome?
The 2nd Punic Wars, Greatest enemy emerges, Hannibal Bacara leads 2nd war though Out numbered Wins because he is fast
Zama becomes a
dependent state on Rome
Should the 3rd Punic War happened?
Happens because Marcus Porcius Cato ends every speech saying Carthage must be destroyed and Cato pushed for 3rd war because of possible threat
146 BCE is
the start of the Empire including conquered Greece, Carthage destoryed, imperialism
In 167 BCE
No taxes were paid by the citizens because the government didn’t collect them because money was coming into Rome
What are the two groups of slaves
In home teaching etc. And are locked in a room at night and In farmlands, armed for killing predators of the animals they are guarding, are alone at night
The Optimates
Old ways, support Senate including Sulla, Pompey, and Cuto
The Populars
Appeals to masses/people, Support and feel good, Caesar supports this group
Sulla was dictator with how many terms?
1of 6 to 8 months
Marcus Linius Crassus was
Richer than Jeff Bezos of then in Rome
Marcus Linius Crassus created his own fire department that would?
Had citizens pay department for them to put out fire, Pays owner minimum amount of money for remains of burnt house, Rebuilds and rents out at extreme cost, Believed he started the fires and Had no respect
Who was the most hated man in Rome?
Marcus Linius Crassus
Pompeius was well loved because
he had Military, Compared to Alexander, Seen as teenage butcher, Sexy man of the day, and Had it all
JC uttered the words Veni, vedi, vici meaning
I came, I saw, I conquered
Within the Senate one reform is that helps JC
will pardon once not a second time
In 44 BCE JC is declared
dictator for life and commoner don’t care
In 46 BCE JC is
voted on
On March 15, 44 BCE
bodygaurds are told not to come to protect JC and is stabbed numerous times, Masses are mad, they let too many people related to JC live
What was Augustus’ mission?
get back to the Republic, emperor and restore equity and order
The professional army among many things
spreads Roman culture
Many elections were
rigged
Golden Age of Roman literature revolves around ________________ and his ideals of?
Augustus, maniless, virtues, goodness for all, repeat of Republican values, sattires, changed a lot for the better
Gaius’ father was
Germaniaus a general
In 69 AD
Nero commits suicide, chaos in Rome, 4 men claim to be emporer, because Nero looked like a basic white man
A major thing that the Flavian Dynasty does
Building Coliseum, entertains and distracts, gives a job to maintain
161-69 there was co-emperoring with
Luicus Versus (death was hard with small pox)
Who was praised through the silver age of literature?
Augustus
What was included in the silver age of literature?
manliness, virtue, sattire, glorified emperor, selfliness
Examples within the silver age of literature
morals, controlling emotions, rewriting history
The Silver age of literature protrayed _________ as a good guy, but ________________ badly.
Pompei the Great, J.C.
What are the 5 F’s of daily Rome?
floods, fire, famine, filth, fever
What is an example of floods in Rome?
sits in flood planes
What is an example of fire in Rome?
creation of the fire department and watchers
What is an example of famine in Rome?
- Olives
- Wine
- Bread
are the essentials of the diet imported
What is an example of filth in Rome?
350,000 -gallons of urine
150,000 -lbs. of feces
150 corpses
all on the streets per day (all 2 to 3 inches)
150,000 decomposing animals a year
Romans view early Christianity as Jewish Religion presented
to gentiles
The Edict of Milan, Constantine favors
Christianity
Constatine doesn’t
make Christianity official religion of Rome
During the Calamitous Century what were the new external threats?
Augustus shrank army but now needs, everyone pushing on borders, Germanic tribes, Goths, Huns, Persians
When the need a new #2
sons cannot be it because it has failed every time
Constantine creates Byzatine
or Eastern Roman
Who had a deathbed conversion to Christianity?
Constatine
2 stories arise from the deathbed conversion
sees cross in sky and therefore had a dream he should put crosses on soliders, they favored Christianity and people under him start converting too
Problems with Christianity?
- established doctrine (lessened versions/variety)
- anti-political (wants separation that will attack position) where we get Nicene Creed
in the fall of western empire-476 ad political includes
civil war, empire, and capital moved
in the fall of western empire-476 ad social includes
low confidence in Empire and decline in public affairs
in the fall of the west economic includes
poor harvest (burned out feilds)
inflation
no more wars of plunder
tax burdens (crushing)
in the fall of the west military includes
low funds for defense (during peace then not)
northern Europe (less legions)
Rely on non-Romans for armies (not loyal)
in the fall of Rome includes
Immediate huns, germanic tribes, and sack of Rome
in the fall of Rome what are the myths
class struggle (upper and lower)
Christianity (took a way fighting spirit and got soft)
Decadence (written later, pleasure)
Climate change (how?, written today)
Lead poisoning (Hollywood aspect)
Corruption
How many heirs were there to Rome?
3 including Islam, Germanic tribes, Byzantine Empire
During the fall of Rome 2 historical tendencies occurred
- constant population disturbance (other people)
- Multiculturalism- Christ, German, Rome, Greek, Islam
Winners from the fall include
Northern Europe, Democratic choice, Church (the biggest, only thing keeping people together, tradition power)
Feudalism is
about protection of the workers working the land in exchange for that protection, land is the basis of wealth
What does the church provide? (matching)
law, security, people fall into place
1. Church
2. Landowners
3. Workers (the 3 Estates start here)
What do the fathers of the church say about women?
are all bad and men are persuaded to submit to them, and not to be in church matters
Ambrose was known for
goverance, law-Canon former Roman offical, church rules, intolerance for other religions
Jerome was known for
vulgate, one thing he does, the early Bible, translates into one book (greek and Hebrew
Benedict (the most important) was known for
convenant, important for Regulated time (24 hrs. 7 days per week in routine)
Leo I is known for
Petrine succession so all in charge of you, Bishop of Rome = Pope and though the succesion was best
were reasons with Germanic tribes
Bishop of Rome
1st Bishop was Peter (meaning Rock)
What makes Arian’s different on Christianity?
Don’t believe in the trinity
There were two types of Goths in Rome
the liked and unliked
Ostro means
East
Ostrogoths have
no King (hereditary) Pick clan leaders which is unliked
Why are slaves so important to Ostrogoths?
1 slave = 1 dog (food), no slaves means trading women and kids for dogs (so poor)
The Ostrogoths eventually
take over a lot of Rome eventually become a part of Roman society (assimilated)
Visigoths are in the
West
Visigoths are overrun by _______
Muslims
Visigoths defeat
in Adrianople in 378 and kill emporer and install their own
Visigoths do not
assimilate with land in Spain and Africa and remain fishermen
The Franks are a
confederation of people (not just one poeple)
The Franks become what?
Catholic Barbarians (converts like Rome)
The Franks believe in the
trinity
Charlemagne 742-814 are the
most important for us because of many names
Charles
Carlos Magnus
Krol
Kral
What are the reasons for the Carolingians power?
land, marriage and family, Mayor of the Palace, Military (keeping it within the family)
Micromanager at all levels
Who was the first non Roman emporer?
Traegan
Christmas day 800 was the defining moment because
Pope was being threatened but when comes in from mass Charlama praying, Pope put crown on him and gives him the title of Holy Roman Emporer
What does the title Holy Roman Emporer mean for the workings?
answers to the pope, crowned by pope, church is now over everything
Which leader breaks the tradition of being crowned by the Pope?
Nepoliane, had Pope there but crowned himself
Christmas day 800 also starts
give 10 percent to the church
The Justinian does what 3 things?
Codify the law (Roman law/ practices and basis for European law)
Hippodome (Colisuem that is massice and like Rome’s but better)
Church of the Holy Wisdom (huge and moving)
What is Iconoclasm?
The worship of images and items, was banned but then brought back later
Who are the second heir to Rome?
The Byzatine Empire
What was the Schism East v. West importance?
This was the split and questioned who people were loyal to, same religion but small differences
What happened in the Slavic Conversion in 989?
Vlad to Russia to Tsar and the Greek Orthodox Church
Russia claims to be what?
the 3rd Rome
Who made the Slavic conversion?
Greek missionaries and Cyrillic writing converting North
Who was the 3rd heir to Rome?
Islam
What happened to Muhammad that was very important in his childhood?
he was orphaned
What is Muhammad’s defining moment?
In 610 he has his 1st revelation
The Kaaba is what?
The Center of Mecca and all idols are here to pay visit to
What major event happens in Muhammad’s life in 619?
Uncle and wife die, his protection is lifted
What city is number 1 and which was is number 2?
Mecca (1) and Medina (2)
What does Mahummad do to Mecca in 630?
He forgives everyone, destroys all other gods and idols, and keeps Kabba
What are the 5 pillars of Islam?
The declaration of faith, to testify that there is no true deity except God, and that Muhammad is His Messenger
To pray five times a day
To give charity to the needy
To fast during the month of Ramadan
To make the pilgrimage to Makkah once in a lifetime for those who are able
What does Caliph mean?
is the first 4, Successor and leader
What does Iman mean?
religous leader
Jihad has what two meanings?
Holy war justifying the actions against non Islamic people
Striving in the way of the Lord and to do better
In Expansion what reasons does this happen?
Byzatine/ Sassasinid Empires
Drought-Arabia
Trade
Plague (fleas from Asia)
Order of rulers following Mahummad
- Abu
- Umar
- Uthman
- Ali
