REAL ?S for midterm PSY

Question 1

The _________ perspective focuses on how biology influences behavior. This perspective emphasizes studying the physical bases of behavior, including the nervous system, endocrine system, immune system, and genetics.

Answer 1

Biopsychology

Question 2

The ________ perspective focuses on the human potential for good and positive growth. Abraham Maslow and Carl Rogers are among this perspective’s most prominent theorists.

Answer 2

humanistic

Question 3

___________ was an early school of psychology that emphasized studying the most basic components, or structures, of conscious experiences.

Answer 3

structuralism

Question 4

According to Freud, the ________ content of a dream is the actual content or storyline, whereas the _______ content is the hidden meaning of the dream.

Answer 4

manifest; latent

Question 5

_____ was an early perspective in psychology which focused on the purpose on behavior.

Answer 5

Functionalism

Question 6

The _____ theory focuses on inner conflicts and early childhood experiences.

Answer 6

Psychoanalytic

Question 7

A correlation coefficient indicates the ________ between two factors.

Answer 7

strength of relationship

Question 8

__________ reasoning is top-down reasoning in which researchers begin with a general idea that can be tested in the real world. __________ reasoning is bottom-up reasoning in which real-world observations lead to new ideas and theories.

Answer 8

deductive; inductive

Question 9

Q
___________ is a method of investigation used to demonstrate cause and effect relationships by purposely manipulating one factor thought to produce change in another factor.

Answer 9

experimental research/experiments

Question 10

In an experiment, the _________ is the purposefully manipulated factor and is controlled by the experimenter.

Answer 10

independent variable

Question 11

In an experiment, the factor that is observed and measured for change in an experiment:

Answer 11

dependent variable

Question 12

A study finds that as time exercising increases, weight decreases. This finding is an example of a _________________ correlation.

Answer 12

negative

Question 13

A study finds that as attendance in school decreases, grades also decrease. This is an example of a _________ correlation.

Answer 13

positive

Question 14

Which of the following correlation coefficients indicates the strongest relationship between two variables?

Answer 14

-0.85

Question 15

An electric nerve impulse that travels through a neuron’s axon, changing the neuron’s charge from negative to positive is called __________.

Answer 15

action potential

Question 16

________ are chemical messengers of the nervous system that carry messages across the synapse to the dendrite of a receiving neuron.

Answer 16

neurotransmitters

Question 17

________ carry messages to other neurons.

Answer 17

Axons

Question 18

The ________ is a sensory relay station where all sensory information, except for smell, goes before being sent to other areas of the brain for further processing. (“traffic officer of the brain”)

Answer 18

thalamus

Question 19

_______ receive messages from other neurons.

Answer 19

Dendrites

Question 20

The ______ lobe is associated with hearing, memory, emotion, and some aspects of language and contains the auditory cortex.

Answer 20

Temporal

Question 21

The _______ is involved in our experience of emotion and in tying emotional meaning to our memories.

Answer 21

amygdala

Question 22

The _____lobe is involved in processing information from the body’s senses and contains the somatosensory cortex.

Answer 22

parietal

Question 23

The ______ lobe contains the primary visual cortex and is responsible for interpreting incoming visual information.

Answer 23

occipital

Question 24

The cyclical daily (24 hour) fluctuations in biological and psychological processes are called _____________ rhythm

Answer 24

circadian

Question 25

The body’s biological clock, the suprachiasmatic nucleus, is located in the:

Answer 25

hypothalamus

Question 26

_________ are the receptor cells in the retina that work best in bright light, detect color, and are responsible for color vision and visual acuity.

Answer 26

cones

Question 27

____________ are the receptors in the retina that work well in low light conditions, but are not sensitive to color and are primarily responsible for peripheral vision and night vision.

Answer 27

rods

Question 28

Theory of color vision that pairs of receptor cells for color R stimulated by 1 color and inhibited by the other

Answer 28

opponent process

Question 29

In ______, an undesirable stimulus (scolding) is added to decrease a behavior (lying).

Answer 29

positive punishment

Question 30

_______ is when an undesirable stimulus is removed (beeping noise) in order to increase a behavior (wear seatbelt)

Answer 30

negative reinforcement

Question 31

In ______, a pleasant stimulus (phone) is removed in order to decrease behavior (lying).

Answer 31

negative punishment

Question 32

In ______ a response is followed by adding a desirable stimulus (stickers) to increase behavior (good grades)

Answer 32

positive reinforcement

Question 33

In Pavlov’s experiments, salivation to the food, no learning has occured, would be considered the:

Answer 33

unconditioned stimulus

Question 34

In Pavlov’s experiments with dogs, salivation to the food is the:

Answer 34

unconditioned response

Question 35

In Pavlov’s experiments with dogs, when food is paired with a bell, the dog begins to salivate to the bell. The bell is

Answer 35

conditioned stimulus

Question 36

In Pavlov’s experiments with dogs, salivation to the bell alone is the:

Answer 36

conditioned response

Question 37

_____ happens when you cannot perceive an object being used for something other than what it was designed for.

Answer 37

functional fixedness

Question 38

_____ consists of the ability to see complex relationships and solve problems.

Answer 38

fluid intelligence

Question 39

______ consists of acquired knowledge and ability to retrieve it.

Answer 39

crystallized intelligence

Question 40

The ability to understand the emotions of yourself and others, show empathy, and regulate your own emotions.

Answer 40

emotional intelligence

Question 41

A specific formula for solving a problem is called ________________.

Answer 41

algorithm

Question 42

_____ is the tendency to focus on information that confirms your existing beliefs.

Answer 42

confirmation bias

Question 43

to add something

Answer 43

Positive –

Question 44

to take something away

Answer 44

Negative–

Question 45

increasing a behavior.

Answer 45

Reinforcement –

Question 46

decreasing a behavior.

Answer 46

Punishment –