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Radiology Technician > Test 2 Deck > Flashcards

Test 2 Deck Flashcards

1
Q

what is the chest anatomy?

A

bony thorax, respiratory system, mediastinum

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2
Q

bony thorax

A

protective framework (chest anatomy)

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3
Q

respiratory system

A

lungs and airways-larynx, trachea, right and left bronchi (chest anatomy)

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4
Q

Mediastinum

A

space between the lungs

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5
Q

name the chest radiographs (basic)

A

PA, Lateral

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6
Q

PA Chest

A

IR 14x17 lengthwise , top of IR 1-11/2 inches above shoulders rotate shoulder forward CR perpendicular- level T-7 (7-8 inches from vertebral prominence) 2nd inspiration. What we see: entire lungs , scapulae removed form lungs collimation top and bottom

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7
Q

Explain reason for performing (basic) chest x-ray

A

allows: diaphragm to move down farther, demonstrate: air filled levels
prevent: engorgement of pulmonary vessels and lingering in blood

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8
Q

Lateral Chest

A 
IR 14X!7 lengthwise
90 degrees (coronal plane perpendicular)
arms up
central ray: mid thoracic (level T-7)   
2nd inspiration
what you see: entire lunge
no rotation: by lack of superimposition of posterior ribs
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9
Q

Name of chest radiograph (special)

A

AP Supine or erect, Lateral decubitus, AP Lordotic

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10
Q

AP Supine or Semi erect

A

14X17 inches lengthwise
CR: (level T-7) perpendicular to sternum caudad or caudal - toward the feet landmark jugular notch 3-4 inches down what you see:heart is going to look larger because of the distance magnification, ribs 8 to 9, air filled wont be defined

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11
Q

Lateral Decubitus Chest

A

can be done PA or AP
IR 14X17 inches
1-11/2 inches above shoulders
arms up - so humerus is out of the way of the way lungs
CR- horizontal T-7 (7-8 inches from vertebral prominence or 3-4 inches from jugular notch)
demonstrate fluid: affected side down
demonstrate air: affected side up
decub marker: arrow or up marker
what you see: entire lungs, arms not superimposed over lungs, give enlargement of cardiac)

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12
Q

AP Lordotic Chest

A

IR 14X!&
stand erect 1 foot from IR
lean back with shoulder, head and neck against IR, hands on hips, palms out, shoulders rolled forward
SID 72’
CR horizontal (straight at the chest) T-7

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13
Q

AP semi- axial lordotric

A

Cr: 15-20 cephalad

what you see: clavicles above apices, no rotation: ribs appear near horizontal

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14
Q

Lateral Upper Airway (soft tissue neck)

A

IR 10X12 top (external auditory meatus)
soft tissue neck
CR: (C6-C7) Mid sagittal lin4
breathing: slow deep breaths through out the exposure
midway between layngel prominence, thyroid cartilage and jugular notch
what you see: air filled trachea and larynx, shoulder not superimposed over trachea

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15
Q

Upper Airway (soft tissue neck)

A

CR- T1-T2 (jugular notch 1-2 inches above)
AML (acanthiomeatal line) base of nose to ear
IR perpendicular
IR10X12
what you see: mandible, mastoid, airway

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16
Q

what are the 4 quadrants of the abdomen

A

RUQ, LUQ, RLQ, LLQ

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17
Q

RUQ (right upper quadrant)

A

liver, gallbladder, right colic, duodenum, head of pancreas, right kidney, right suprarenal gland

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18
Q

LUQ (left upper quadrant

A

spleen, stomach, left colic, left kidney, left suprarenal gland,, tail of pancreas

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19
Q

RLQ (right lower quadrant)

A

ascending colon, appendix, cecum 2/3 ileum ileocecal valve

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20
Q

LLQ (left lower quadrant)

A

descending colon, sigmoid colon, 2/3 of jejunum

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21
Q

what are the 9 regions

A

top:right hypochondriac, epigastric, left hypochondriac, middle: right lateral , umbilical, left lateral bottom:right inguinal, pubic, left inguinal

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22
Q

9 regions divided planes transvers/ horizontal and right and left lateral plane

A

2 transvers/horizontal are transplyoric plane and transtubercular plane (L1) both lateral planes are parallel to the midsagittal plane (L5)

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23
Q

landmarks (mid and Upper)

A

Xiphold tip, inferior costal (rib) margin, Illiac crest

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24
Q

positioning landmarks (palpation)

A

Things that you can palpate (makes things easier to find)

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25
Q

Upper Gastric

A

epi: above, gastric: stomach

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26
Q

Xiphold tip

A

very bottom of sternum, good way to find epigastric region, superior margin of the abdomen (T9-T-10)

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27
Q

Inferior costal (rib) margin

A

under or bottom of rib cage (L2-L3)

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28
Q

Iliac Crest

A

midabdomen (L4-L5) mid abdomen

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29
Q

grater trochanter

A

rotate the leg and you can feel it (lower abdomen pelvic landmark)

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30
Q

symphysis pubis

A

palpation inferior margin of the abdomen

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31
Q

Ischial tuberosity

A

palpation used to determine the lower margin of a PA abdomen patient prone position

32
Q

3 way Acute abdomen series

A

supine, erect, decubitus & PA Chest

33
Q

2 way Acute abdomen Series

A

AP Supine & AP Erect

34
Q

what is the function of digestive system?

A

ingestion (intake), absorption (absorb), elimination (eliminate)

35
Q

What is in the anatomy of the digestive system?

A 
oral cavity
pharynx
esophagus
stomach
duodenum
accessory organs
36
Q

landmark lower abdomen (pelvic)

A

anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS), Greater trochanter, Symphysis pubis, Ischial tuberosity

37
Q

anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS)

A

bony part that sticks out above the hips anterior

38
Q

greater trochanter (of the femur)

A

hard to palpate, easy to find (move patients feet, put hands on hips) fill the trochanter rolling in & out of hip (used on large person)

39
Q

Symphysis Pubis

A

when doing a KUB you need to see the bladder & whole symphysis

40
Q

Ischial tuberosity

A

sitter point

41
Q

Symphysis Pubis & Ischial Tuberosity

A

both are listed as palpation landmarks (but do not use)

42
Q 
Abdomen Projections (AP  SUPINE)
(BASIC)
A

supine projections (KUB)
central ray perpendicular at the iliac crest
collimation: top level of iliac crest, bottom level symphsis pubis
Longitudinal-iliac crest
transverse- belly button
IR 14X17 L.W’
Sid 40’
What you see: sympysis pubis, 2 kidney & lower liver margin

43
Q

THINGS TO LOOK FOR IN AP PROJECTION

A

rotation- look at ilium wings, the spine (wont be lined up and straight, see little joint spaces opened up

44
Q

PA Abdomen Projection (PRONE)

SPECIAL

A

IR 14X17
CR horizontal to above iliac crest to include diaphragm
What you see: left kidney, liver, transverse process, pelvis, sacrum

45
Q

AP PROJECTION Abdomen (erect)

A

same as AP Supine

46
Q

Lateral Decubitus Position (AP projection) Abdomen

A

IR 14X17
patient on side a min of 5 minutes before exposure 10-20 minutes preferred
Central Ray: horizontal
Sid 40’
Collimation: entire abdomen and diaphragm
what you see: Abdomen visualized to include air’ filled stomach and bowel and upside diaphragm

47
Q

digestive organs of ingestion

A

oral cavity and pharynx, esophagus

48
Q

digestive organs of ingestion

A

oral cavity and pharynx

49
Q

digestive organs that digest

A

stomach, accessory organ

50
Q

what the breathing instructions on chest

A

2nd inspiration hold it (because we want the chest full of air)

51
Q

what is the breathing instruction on abdomen

A

done on expiration blow out and hold (it raises the diaphragm, creates more room for the abdominal organs)

52
Q

demonstrate fluid:

A

affected side down

53
Q

demonstrate air:

A

affected side up

54
Q

esophagus has 2 indentations

A

C5-C6, aortic arch and left primary bronchus

55
Q

3 parts to Pharynx

A

proximal-nasopharynx
middle- oropharynx
distal- laryngopharynx

56
Q

Accessory Organs

A

help with GI (salivary glands, pancreas liver, gallbladder)

57
Q

salivary glands

A

parotid, sublingual, submandibular

58
Q

the esophagus

A

start at C5-C6
10 inches long
it lines the back of the thoracic cage, goes through diaphragm continues through the stomach 2-3 inches
ends at T11

59
Q

the stomach

A

gaster (greek), vantriculos (latan), gasto (used today)

60
Q

the esophagagastreic junction

A

where the esophagus opens and dumps into the stomach

61
Q

3 regions in the Stomach

A 
top- fundus (air-filled)
major part- body 
2 curvature-greater/lesser
pyloric portion
pyloric antrum
pyloric canal
62
Q

distal part of stomach

A

is important its were we look for cancer and ulcer

63
Q

small intestine

A

1st duodenum cap or bulb

64
Q

stomach rugae (folds)

A

allows your stomach to stretch

65
Q

duodenum

A

shape like a C (shortest & widest part of small bowel

duodenum hugs the pancreas

66
Q

duodenum 45 feet long

A

4 parts = superior, descending, horizontal, ascending

67
Q

Salivary Glands (terms)

A

mastications- chewing
deglutatiom- swallowing
peristalsis-movement of small muscle

68
Q

liver

A

small intestine and stomach

69
Q

gallbladder

A

large intestine

70
Q

What are the parts of the upper GI?

A

Mouth, pharynx, esophagus, small bowel

71
Q

Name the 2 parts of the GI?

A

Upper (mouth) & Lower (annus)

72
Q

what are the parts of the lower GI?

A

colon, annus

73
Q

What are the accessory organs in the GI?

A

salivary glands, pancreas, liver, gallbladder

74
Q

What are the accessory organs used for?

A

help for the GI

75
Q

What are the 3 sets of salivary glands?

A

parotid, submandibular, sublingual

76
Q

What are the 3 functions of the digestive system?

A

ingestion (intake), digestive, absorption

77
Q

What does the ingestion do, and what organs?

A

breaks down to small particles

organs: oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus

Radiology Technician (6 decks)

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