Test 2 - concussion Flashcards
definition of a concussion
acute trauma-induced alteration of mental function lasting fever than 24 hours, with or without preceding loss of consciousness
severity of concussion is determined by
presence and duration of loss of consciousness and post-traumatic amnesia
definition of mild traumatic brain injury
head trauma with loss of consciousness, lasting fever than 30 mins and post-traumatic amnesia lasting fewer than 24 hours
T/F: MTBI and concussion are generally used interchangeably in literature
TRUE
form of amnesia where new events are not transferred to long term memory
anterograde amnesia (not making new memory)
someone will be unable to recall events that occured before the onset of amnesia
retrograde amnesia (tape has been erased)
T/F: both retrograde and anterograde amensia may occure at the same time and may have differing courses
TRUE
due to shearing forces that damage individual axons
widespread but microscopic damage (causes inflammation)
will not show up on image
axon is tethered at both ends, and is very thin in between… perfect set-up of shear related disruption
diffuse axon injury (DAI)
areas of bruising with associated localized ischemia, edema, and mass effect due to swelling
present with focal neurologic deficits
SS include: weakness, numbness, incoordination, difficulties with speech, memory, thought processes and behavioral or emotional control
brain contusion
grade I concussion
no loss of conciousness
concussion symptoms less than 15 mins
grade II concussion
no loss of consciousness
concussion symptoms greater than 15 mins
grade III concussion
loss of consciousness of any duration
red flags / transport now
inability to awaken the pt
severe or worsening headaches
somnolence or confusion
restlessness, unsteadiness or seizures
difficulties with vision
vomiting, fever or stiff neck - meningitis
urinary or bowel incontinence
weakness or numbness involving any part of the body
conservative Rx
antioxidants
b vitamins
fish oil
anti inflmmatory supplements
gentle manipulation of neck
proprio rehab
neuro stuff
what does REST stand for
resume
exercise
below
symptom
threshold
AAN parameters of grade I
remove from activity
examine every 5 mins
return asymptomatic in 15 mins or less
second grade I in same event: remove from activity
AAN parameters grade II
remove from activity with no return
examine next day
return to play only if asymptomatic for one week with execise
image if HA or sympt worsen or persist for more than one week
after second grade II: return after 2 weeks
AAN parameters grade III
thorough exam, transport if LOC > a few mins
image
if pt stable… examine daily
ER if sympt worsen
second grade III: one month
abnormal scan: out for season
repeated concussions over a short period may lead to
second impact syndrome
concussion sustained while still symptomatic from an earlier concussion results in _______
progressive cerebral edema
who has the the greatest risk and longest recovery of progressive cerbral edema
adolescent females due to low stability of neck and lacking proprioception
postconcussion syndrome can last from
months to years
specially in females
T/F: it is not necessary to have a loss of consciousness to suffer permanent brain injury
TRUE
