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Pharm Tech > Test 2 ch 7 > Flashcards

Test 2 ch 7 Flashcards

1
Q

antidepressant classes

A

SSRI
Serotonin and Norepinephrine RI
Cyclic antidepressants
monoamine oxidase inhibitors

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2
Q

fluoxetine (Prozac)

A

SSRI
used for OCD and major depression
side effects: insomnia, drowsiness, anorexia, nausea
interaction with phenytoin

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3
Q

citalopram (Celexa)

A

SSRI
used for OCD and depression
few drug interactions because of where its metabolized
ideal for patients who are taking other prescriptions

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4
Q

paroxetine (Paxil)

A

SSRI
used for depreassion, OCD, and panic disorder
side effects: nausea, headache, ejaculatory disturbances

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5
Q

sertraline (Zoloft)

A

SSRI
used for depression and OCD
side effect: nausea
take once daily w/o regard of food

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6
Q

desvenlafaxine (pristiq)

A

SNRI
major metabolite of effexor
used for depression and hot flashes
works the same way as effexor but does not produce side effects

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7
Q

duloxetine (Cymbalta)

A

SNRI
used to treat depression and pain from diabetic neuropathy
also weakly inhibits dopamine reuptake
cannot be discontinued abruptly

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8
Q

venlafaxine (Effexor)

A

SNRI
used for depression
termed “prozac with a punch”
may increase blood pressure and manic moments.
at low doses it mostly effects serotonin, and at high doses it also effects norepinephrine

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9
Q

doxepin (Sinequan, Zonalon)

A

tricyclic antidepressant
come in a cream and oral liquid for burning mouth syndrome
oral form should be taken at bedtime because of drowsiness
do not take with carbonated beverages or grape juice which reduce effectiveness

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10
Q

mirtazapine (Remeron)

A

tetracyclic antidepressant

used for mild to severe depression for patients who suffer from nausea

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11
Q

Selegiline (Emsam)

A

MAOI
used primarily in Parkinson’s disease
administered orally or as a patch
should not be used with other antidepressants

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12
Q

bupropion (Wellbutrin, Zyban, Aplenzin)

A 
dopamine uptake inhibitor
Wellbutrin 3x daily
Wellbutrin SR 2x daily
Wellbutrin XL 1x daily
if more than 300mg in day it must be in 2 doses
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13
Q

trazodone (Desyrel)

A

inhibits serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake
much better side effect profile than TCA’s
no anticholinergic effects
may cause orthostatic hypertension
serious interaction with ginkgo

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14
Q

lithium

A

promotes norepinephrine reuptake
used for bipolar and decreases risk of suicide
blood tests must be done 5-10 days then regularly after
salt intake needs to be consistent
absolutely no alcohol

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15
Q

divalproex (Depakote)

A 
valproate
used for bipolar disorder
works as an adjuct to lithium
should be taken with food but not carbonated drinks
may cause drowsiness
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16
Q

prochlorperazine (Compazine)

A

in low doses used as antiemetic

in high doses used as antipsychotic

17
Q

thioridazine

A

only antipsychotic drug that has a ceiling dose which should not exceed 800 mg per day

18
Q

aripiprazole (Abilify)

A

atypical antipsychotic
dopamine system stabilizer
blocks both dopamine and serotonin receptors
does not prolong QT interval and may cause less weight gain than typical antipsychotics

19
Q

typical antipsychotics

A

are effective at treating psychosis but have serious long term side effects which limit their use.

20
Q

atypical antipsychotics

A

Are better tolerated than older agents but are associated with metabolic side effects like weight gain, hyperglycemia, new-onset diabetes, and dyslipidemia.

21
Q

lurasidone (Latuda)

A

treats schizophrenia

alleviates hallucinations and delusions

22
Q

olanzapine (Zyprexa)

A

treats schizophrenia
causes fewer movement disorders than similar drugs
side effects: dizziness, drowsiness, constiaption, dry mouth
must avoid alcohol

23
Q

quetiapine (Seroquel)

A

similar to clozapine but has a lower incidence of hematologic toxicities

24
Q

risperidone (Risperdal)

A

serotonin/dopamine antagonist
high affinity to serotonin and low to dopamine
treats psychotic disorders and dimensia in the elderly
first drug approved for autism irritability
interacts with Paxil

25
Q

benzodiazepines

A

antianxiety drugs
treats insomnia, panic disorders, alcohol withdrawal syndrome
must be monitored for depression

26
Q

Buspirone (BuSpar)

A

antianxiety
selectively antagonizes serotonin receptors w/o affecting receptors for benzodiazepines
take with food
takes two weeks to see the full effect

27
Q

hydroxyzine Pamoate (Vistaril)

A

used for anxious patients

has sedating qualities and is used as a preoperative sedative

28
Q

propranolol (Inderal)

A

prophylactic treatment for migraines
beta blocker
treats physical symptoms of anxiety
decreases heart rate

29
Q

Armodafinil (Nuvigil)

A

approved for excessive sleepiness caused by sleep apnea and narcolepsy
take in the morning
only helps diminish symptoms
if rash appears immediately stop

30
Q

diphenhydramine (Benadryl) and Hydroxyzine (Vistaril)

A

antihistamine used for sleep

no addiction

31
Q

ramelteon (Rozerem)

A

approved for sleep onset insomnia
melatonin receptor agonist so there is no potential for abuse
only effective in sleep maintenance disorders, not initiating sleep

32
Q

Eszopiclone (Lunesta)

A

z hypnotic
FDA has approved it for chronic insomnia
unpleasant taste

33
Q

Zolpidem (Ambien)

A

z hypnotic
shot term treatment of insomnia
should not be taken for more than 10 days unless its Ambien CR

34
Q

effects of alcohol

A

alcohol is an anesthetic
vomiting prevents death by getting rid of lethal concentrations of alcohol
heavy drinking can lead to obesity and vitamin deficiency. later on loss of appetite, brain damage, cirrhosis and more occurs

35
Q

Disulfiram (Antabuse)

A

alcohol antagonist
stops metabolism of alcohol at acetaldehyde stage
leads to symptoms like blurred vision, nausea, headache, vomiting, confusion and more
patient typically sleeps until symptoms go away

36
Q

topiramate (Topamax)

A

anticonvulsant
seems to reduce cravings for alcohol
takes about 6 weeks to be effective
research suggests it inhibits alcohol-induced release of dopamine in midbrain

Pharm Tech (10 decks)

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