Test 2 ch 7 Flashcards
antidepressant classes
SSRI
Serotonin and Norepinephrine RI
Cyclic antidepressants
monoamine oxidase inhibitors
fluoxetine (Prozac)
SSRI
used for OCD and major depression
side effects: insomnia, drowsiness, anorexia, nausea
interaction with phenytoin
citalopram (Celexa)
SSRI
used for OCD and depression
few drug interactions because of where its metabolized
ideal for patients who are taking other prescriptions
paroxetine (Paxil)
SSRI
used for depreassion, OCD, and panic disorder
side effects: nausea, headache, ejaculatory disturbances
sertraline (Zoloft)
SSRI
used for depression and OCD
side effect: nausea
take once daily w/o regard of food
desvenlafaxine (pristiq)
SNRI
major metabolite of effexor
used for depression and hot flashes
works the same way as effexor but does not produce side effects
duloxetine (Cymbalta)
SNRI
used to treat depression and pain from diabetic neuropathy
also weakly inhibits dopamine reuptake
cannot be discontinued abruptly
venlafaxine (Effexor)
SNRI
used for depression
termed “prozac with a punch”
may increase blood pressure and manic moments.
at low doses it mostly effects serotonin, and at high doses it also effects norepinephrine
doxepin (Sinequan, Zonalon)
tricyclic antidepressant
come in a cream and oral liquid for burning mouth syndrome
oral form should be taken at bedtime because of drowsiness
do not take with carbonated beverages or grape juice which reduce effectiveness
mirtazapine (Remeron)
tetracyclic antidepressant
used for mild to severe depression for patients who suffer from nausea
Selegiline (Emsam)
MAOI
used primarily in Parkinson’s disease
administered orally or as a patch
should not be used with other antidepressants
bupropion (Wellbutrin, Zyban, Aplenzin)
dopamine uptake inhibitor Wellbutrin 3x daily Wellbutrin SR 2x daily Wellbutrin XL 1x daily if more than 300mg in day it must be in 2 doses
trazodone (Desyrel)
inhibits serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake
much better side effect profile than TCA’s
no anticholinergic effects
may cause orthostatic hypertension
serious interaction with ginkgo
lithium
promotes norepinephrine reuptake
used for bipolar and decreases risk of suicide
blood tests must be done 5-10 days then regularly after
salt intake needs to be consistent
absolutely no alcohol
divalproex (Depakote)
valproate used for bipolar disorder works as an adjuct to lithium should be taken with food but not carbonated drinks may cause drowsiness
prochlorperazine (Compazine)
in low doses used as antiemetic
in high doses used as antipsychotic
thioridazine
only antipsychotic drug that has a ceiling dose which should not exceed 800 mg per day
aripiprazole (Abilify)
atypical antipsychotic
dopamine system stabilizer
blocks both dopamine and serotonin receptors
does not prolong QT interval and may cause less weight gain than typical antipsychotics
typical antipsychotics
are effective at treating psychosis but have serious long term side effects which limit their use.
atypical antipsychotics
Are better tolerated than older agents but are associated with metabolic side effects like weight gain, hyperglycemia, new-onset diabetes, and dyslipidemia.
lurasidone (Latuda)
treats schizophrenia
alleviates hallucinations and delusions
olanzapine (Zyprexa)
treats schizophrenia
causes fewer movement disorders than similar drugs
side effects: dizziness, drowsiness, constiaption, dry mouth
must avoid alcohol
quetiapine (Seroquel)
similar to clozapine but has a lower incidence of hematologic toxicities
risperidone (Risperdal)
serotonin/dopamine antagonist
high affinity to serotonin and low to dopamine
treats psychotic disorders and dimensia in the elderly
first drug approved for autism irritability
interacts with Paxil
benzodiazepines
antianxiety drugs
treats insomnia, panic disorders, alcohol withdrawal syndrome
must be monitored for depression
Buspirone (BuSpar)
antianxiety
selectively antagonizes serotonin receptors w/o affecting receptors for benzodiazepines
take with food
takes two weeks to see the full effect
hydroxyzine Pamoate (Vistaril)
used for anxious patients
has sedating qualities and is used as a preoperative sedative
propranolol (Inderal)
prophylactic treatment for migraines
beta blocker
treats physical symptoms of anxiety
decreases heart rate
Armodafinil (Nuvigil)
approved for excessive sleepiness caused by sleep apnea and narcolepsy
take in the morning
only helps diminish symptoms
if rash appears immediately stop
diphenhydramine (Benadryl) and Hydroxyzine (Vistaril)
antihistamine used for sleep
no addiction
ramelteon (Rozerem)
approved for sleep onset insomnia
melatonin receptor agonist so there is no potential for abuse
only effective in sleep maintenance disorders, not initiating sleep
Eszopiclone (Lunesta)
z hypnotic
FDA has approved it for chronic insomnia
unpleasant taste
Zolpidem (Ambien)
z hypnotic
shot term treatment of insomnia
should not be taken for more than 10 days unless its Ambien CR
effects of alcohol
alcohol is an anesthetic
vomiting prevents death by getting rid of lethal concentrations of alcohol
heavy drinking can lead to obesity and vitamin deficiency. later on loss of appetite, brain damage, cirrhosis and more occurs
Disulfiram (Antabuse)
alcohol antagonist
stops metabolism of alcohol at acetaldehyde stage
leads to symptoms like blurred vision, nausea, headache, vomiting, confusion and more
patient typically sleeps until symptoms go away
topiramate (Topamax)
anticonvulsant
seems to reduce cravings for alcohol
takes about 6 weeks to be effective
research suggests it inhibits alcohol-induced release of dopamine in midbrain
