Test 2 ch 5 Flashcards
pulse dosing
for fungal nail infections you take an increased dose for one week per month
patients takes less drug and save money
Amphotericin B
interferes with cell wall permeability
used for blood-borne, life threatening fungal infections
common serious side effect is renal toxicity
Piggyback drug in IV
Abelcet
AmBisome
Amphotec
lipid complex injectable forms of amphotericin B but is less toxic
administered by IV infusion
treats aspergillosis
Clotrimazole
supplied as a troche
especially effective against oral candidiasis
Flucytosine
syntergistic with amphotericin B and is usually used in combination with it
Griseofulvin
indicated for fungal infections of hair, skin, and nails
binds to human keratin giving resistance to infection
avoid sunlight while taking
Take with fatty meals
Ketoconazole
same side effects as most other antifungals
side effects are dependent on dose
Nystatin
most often used in liquid form to swish and swallow
used to treat oral candidiasis or other infections in mouth
Terbinafine
kills fungus instead of inhibiting growth
persists longer than other antifungals
Terconazole
prescription drug often given for vaginal infections as a result of antibiotic use
capsid
shell that protects nucleic acid of virus
envelope
membrane that covers the capsid that carries surface proteins to attach to host receptors
stages of infection
- virus attaches to cell receptor
- virus penetrates the cell as the membrane via endocytosis
- virus escapes into cytoplasm
- virus sheds its covering and presents its DNA or RNA to cell nucleus
- virus converts nuclear activity in the cell to viral activity and produces new viral particles
acute viral infection
viral infection that quickly resolves itself
examples are common cold, influenza
chronic viral infection
infection that has protracted course with long periods of remission
example is herpes
slow viral infection
infection that maintains a progressive course over months or years that leads to death
example is HIV
latent virus
after a virus shows acute infection it can lie dormant and undetectable in a cell for a long period of time
Acyclovir
antiviral
interferes with viral DNA synthesis
treats genital herpes and varicella
Amantadine
antiviral
prevents absorption of viral particles into host cell
used in prophylaxis and treatment of influenza A
has some therapeutic effect on Parkinson’s disease
If taken with caffeine or antihistamines it increases neurotoxicity
Cidofovir
antiviral
used to treat cytomegalovirus
can be dosed every two weeks intraveinously
Famciclovir
antiviral
used to manage multiple forms of herpes
is a prodrug (becomes active after metabolic processes in the body)
Foscarnet
antiviral
used in treating cytomegalovirus in immunocompromised patients
patient must be hydrated when taking
Ganciclovir
antiviral
used in treating cytomegalovirus in immunocompromised patients
must follow chemotherapy preparation guidelines when making
pregnant women should not handle this drug
Oseltamivir
antiviral
oral inhibitor of neruaminidase which is on the surface of the influenza virus
can reduce the duration of the flu
Ribavirin
antiviral
useful for treating pediatric patients with respiratory syncytial virus
maximal absorption occurs with use of aerosol generator
nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI)
antiretorviral class that prevents formation of a DNA copy of viral RNA resembles a building block for DNA but lacks attachment site for next block to be added
non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTI)
antiretroviral that inhibits action of HIV reverse transcriptase by obstructing enzyme action
nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NtRTI)
antiretroviral that inhibits HIV reverse transcriptase by competing with natural nucleic acid building blocks
protease inhibitors
antiretroviral that inhibits formation of protease enzyme which cleaves HIV protein precursors
fusion inhibitor
antiretroviral that prevents HIV from entering immune cells
chemokine coreceptor
antiretroviral that prevents R5 strain of HIV from attaching to an immune system cell
integrase inhibitor
antiretroviral that prevents insertion of DNA into the DNA of the host cell
post exposure prophylaxis (PEP)
series of drugs healthcare workers take in response to situations where HIV exposure may have occurred
Drugs in Echinocandins
Anidulafungin
Caspofungin
Micafungin
Drugs in Triazoles
Fluconazole
Itraconazole
Posaconazole
Voriconazole
Valacyclovir
antiviral
used to treat herpes
in the body it is converted to acyclovir which leads to a higher concentration of acyclovir in the blood than if you just take it.
Vitrasert
ocular implant that treats CMV retinitis
