Test 2 ch 5

Question 1

pulse dosing

Answer 1

for fungal nail infections you take an increased dose for one week per month
patients takes less drug and save money

Question 2

Amphotericin B

Answer 2

interferes with cell wall permeability
used for blood-borne, life threatening fungal infections
common serious side effect is renal toxicity
Piggyback drug in IV

Question 3

Abelcet
AmBisome
Amphotec

Answer 3

lipid complex injectable forms of amphotericin B but is less toxic
administered by IV infusion
treats aspergillosis

Question 4

Clotrimazole

Answer 4

supplied as a troche

especially effective against oral candidiasis

Question 5

Flucytosine

Answer 5

syntergistic with amphotericin B and is usually used in combination with it

Question 6

Griseofulvin

Answer 6

indicated for fungal infections of hair, skin, and nails
binds to human keratin giving resistance to infection
avoid sunlight while taking
Take with fatty meals

Question 7

Ketoconazole

Answer 7

same side effects as most other antifungals

side effects are dependent on dose

Question 8

Nystatin

Answer 8

most often used in liquid form to swish and swallow

used to treat oral candidiasis or other infections in mouth

Question 9

Terbinafine

Answer 9

kills fungus instead of inhibiting growth

persists longer than other antifungals

Question 10

Terconazole

Answer 10

prescription drug often given for vaginal infections as a result of antibiotic use

Question 11

capsid

Answer 11

shell that protects nucleic acid of virus

Question 12

envelope

Answer 12

membrane that covers the capsid that carries surface proteins to attach to host receptors

Question 13

stages of infection

Answer 13

1. virus attaches to cell receptor
2. virus penetrates the cell as the membrane via endocytosis
3. virus escapes into cytoplasm
4. virus sheds its covering and presents its DNA or RNA to cell nucleus
5. virus converts nuclear activity in the cell to viral activity and produces new viral particles

Question 14

acute viral infection

Answer 14

viral infection that quickly resolves itself

examples are common cold, influenza

Question 15

chronic viral infection

Answer 15

infection that has protracted course with long periods of remission
example is herpes

Question 16

slow viral infection

Answer 16

infection that maintains a progressive course over months or years that leads to death
example is HIV

Question 17

latent virus

Answer 17

after a virus shows acute infection it can lie dormant and undetectable in a cell for a long period of time

Question 18

Acyclovir

Answer 18

antiviral
interferes with viral DNA synthesis
treats genital herpes and varicella

Question 19

Amantadine

Answer 19

antiviral
prevents absorption of viral particles into host cell
used in prophylaxis and treatment of influenza A
has some therapeutic effect on Parkinson’s disease
If taken with caffeine or antihistamines it increases neurotoxicity

Question 20

Cidofovir

Answer 20

antiviral
used to treat cytomegalovirus
can be dosed every two weeks intraveinously

Question 21

Famciclovir

Answer 21

antiviral
used to manage multiple forms of herpes
is a prodrug (becomes active after metabolic processes in the body)

Question 22

Foscarnet

Answer 22

antiviral
used in treating cytomegalovirus in immunocompromised patients
patient must be hydrated when taking

Question 23

Ganciclovir

Answer 23

antiviral
used in treating cytomegalovirus in immunocompromised patients
must follow chemotherapy preparation guidelines when making
pregnant women should not handle this drug

Question 24

Oseltamivir

Answer 24

antiviral
oral inhibitor of neruaminidase which is on the surface of the influenza virus
can reduce the duration of the flu

Question 25

Ribavirin

Answer 25

antiviral useful for treating pediatric patients with respiratory syncytial virus maximal absorption occurs with use of aerosol generator

Question 26

nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI)

Answer 26

``` antiretorviral class that prevents formation of a DNA copy of viral RNA resembles a building block for DNA but lacks attachment site for next block to be added ```

Question 27

non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTI)

Answer 27

antiretroviral that inhibits action of HIV reverse transcriptase by obstructing enzyme action

Question 28

nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NtRTI)

Answer 28

antiretroviral that inhibits HIV reverse transcriptase by competing with natural nucleic acid building blocks

Question 29

protease inhibitors

Answer 29

antiretroviral that inhibits formation of protease enzyme which cleaves HIV protein precursors

Question 30

fusion inhibitor

Answer 30

antiretroviral that prevents HIV from entering immune cells

Question 31

chemokine coreceptor

Answer 31

antiretroviral that prevents R5 strain of HIV from attaching to an immune system cell

Question 32

integrase inhibitor

Answer 32

antiretroviral that prevents insertion of DNA into the DNA of the host cell

Question 33

post exposure prophylaxis (PEP)

Answer 33

series of drugs healthcare workers take in response to situations where HIV exposure may have occurred

Question 34

Drugs in Echinocandins

Answer 34

Anidulafungin Caspofungin Micafungin

Question 35

Drugs in Triazoles

Answer 35

Fluconazole Itraconazole Posaconazole Voriconazole

Question 36

Valacyclovir

Answer 36

antiviral used to treat herpes in the body it is converted to acyclovir which leads to a higher concentration of acyclovir in the blood than if you just take it.

Question 37

Vitrasert

Answer 37

ocular implant that treats CMV retinitis