Test 2 antibiotic drug classes and other antibiotics

Question 1

Sulfonamide

Answer 1

inhibits production of folic acid
bacteriostatic
If allergic take nitrofuratoin instead
Side effects: rash, Stevens-Johnson syndrome

Question 2

Penicillin

Answer 2

prevents formation of peptidoglycan wall
bacteriocidal
if allergic there is chance of being allergic to cephalosporins
Side effects: diarrhea

Question 3

Cephalosporins

Answer 3

prevents formation of peptidoglycan wall
divided into generations from 1-5
IV forms mixed with D5W
If allergic there is chance of being allergic to penicillin
Side effects: diarrhea

Question 4

Tetracycline

Answer 4

inhibits protein synthesis by binding to ribosomes
bacteriostatic
avoid taking w/ antacids because of chelation
do not take when expired because of toxicity
Side effects: gastrointestinal upset, nausea and vomiting

Question 5

Macrolide

Answer 5

inhibit protein synthesis by combining with ribosomes
bacteriostatic
associated w/ lung infections
Side effects: gastrointestinal distress

Question 6

Ketolides

Answer 6

inhibits protein synthesis
bacteriostatic
similar to macrolides but can cause arryhtmias
Side effects: blurred vision, possible arrhythmias

Question 7

Quinolones

Answer 7

antagonizes enzymes that coils DNA during replication
bacteriocidal
photo toxic
Side effects: nausea, vomiting, dizziness

Question 8

Streptogramins

Answer 8

inhibits protein synthesis
was granted accelerated approval because its an alternative to vancomycin
Side effects: nausea, vomiting, dizziness

Question 9

Aminoglycosides

Answer 9

binds to ribosome subunits
custom prescribed per patient because of ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity
used to treat sepsis
Side effects: nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity

Question 10

Cyclic lipopeptide

Answer 10

bind to membranes which causes depolarization and inhibits RNA and DNA synthesis
Side effects: hypotension, constipation, nausea, diarrhea

Question 11

Vancomycin

Answer 11

used to treat MRSA

has very strict guidelines for use because of over usage

Question 12

Clindomycin

Answer 12

broad-spectrum antibiotic used for acne
penicillin can be substituted this for dental prophylaxis
bloody diarrhea is a major side effect

Question 13

Linezolid

Answer 13

inhibits protein synthesis
used to treat MRSA and VRE
must be protected from light

Question 14

metronidazole

Answer 14

treats bacteria, fungi, and protozoa

very important not to take with alcohol

Question 15

Cephalosporin generation uses

Answer 15

1 - infections in ambulatory patients
2 - respiratory and urinary tract infections
3 - wide spectrum gram-negative organisms and in severe infections
4 - broad spectrum for pneumonia and sepsis
5 - treats MRSA and gram negative bacteria

Question 16

Omnicef

Answer 16

cephalosporin that in oral suspension form has high sugar content