Test 1 Flashcards
Capture error
Error that occurs when a more practiced behavior automatically takes the place of a less familiar, intended one. Focus on a task is diverted elsewhere.
Assumption error
Error that occurs when an essential piece of info cannot be verified.
Selection error
Error that occurs when two or more options exist and the wrong option is chosen.
Wrong dose error
Error that occurs when a dose is either above or below the correct amount by more than 5%
Wrong time error
Error that occurs when any drug is given 30 minutes or more before or after it was ordered to be administered, up to the time of the next dose.
Extra dose error
Error that occurs when a patient receives more doses than were prescribed by the physician.
ac
before meals
am
morning
bid
twice a day
c
with
cap
capsule
DAW
dispense as written
D/C
discontinue
g
gram
gr
grain
gtt
drop
h or hr
hour
IM
intramuscular
IV
intravenously
L
liter
mcg
microgram
mEq
milliequivalent
mL
milliliter
NKA
no known allergy
NKDA
no known drug allergy
npo
nothing by mouth
pc
after meals
po
by mouth
prn
as needed
q
every
qh
every hour
q2h
every 2 hours
qid
four times a day
qs or qsad
a sufficient quantity
stat
immediately
tab
tablet
tid
three times a day
ud
as directed
wk
week
ad
right ear
as
left ear
au
both ears
od
right eye
os
left eye
ou
both eyes
syr
syrup
supp
suppository
aq
water
parts of a label
brand name, generic name, dosage form, strength, package size, expiration dates, NDC, legend label, manufacturer, special storage requirements.
Oral
tablet, capsule, powder, effervescent salt, liquid
transmucosal
sublingual, buccal, ophtalmic, otic, nasal spray, suppositories
topical
ointment, cream
Inhalation
aerosol, solutions, micronized powders
Parenteral
IV, IM, subcutaneous, ID
Drug Delivery Systems
Delayed-release, extended release, matrix-controlled, osmotic pressure release, targeted drug, transdermal patch.
5 Rights
Right patient, right drug, right strength, right route, right time
Orange book
book used to determine drug equivalents
Drug Facts and Comparisons
reference book of clinical information for both prescription and OTC products
Red Book
book used in pharmacy practice and administration; is an all-purpose compendium of product and pricing info for Rx, OTC, and medical supplies.
Physicians Desk Reference
compilation of manufacturers’ prescribing information on prescription drugs
HIPPA
law ensuring confidentiality of patient medical records including prescriptions.
Functions of a technician
- meet and greet patients
- enter patient and prescription info into database
- assist in filling, labeling, and recording Rx’s
- operate cash register
- stock and inventory
- billing and resolving online insurance claims.
NDC number
- first section = 4-5# indicating manufacturer or distributor
- second section= 3-4# identifying drug and dosage form
- third section = 1-2# indicating packaging size and type
Semmelweis
handwashing with chlorinated lime water in maternity wards reduced death
Lister
introduced antiseptics into surgery with his use of carbolic acid for cleansing instruments
Ehrlich
introduced arsphenamine to treat syphilis. first chemical agent used to treat an infectious disease.
Banting and Best
Extracted insulin from the pancreas to treat diabetes.
Domagk
invented first antibiotic sulfa drug Protosil
Fleming
discovered penicillin
Black box warning
warning statement on the PPI and patient medication guide indicating possibility of serious or life-threatening adverse reactions
Product package insert (PPI)
information resource that is provided by manufacturers for the pharmacist and pharmacy technician, and not for the patient.
FDA approval process
- Preclinical research - synthesis and purification, animal testing, institutional review board. Submit INDA
- Clinical studies - 3 phases, NDA submitted
- NDA review - review decision is made and approval is granted or rejected
FDA regulations
drug approval process, generic drug substitution, patient counseling, and adverse reaction reporting systems.
Hepatitis B
birth, 1-2 months, 6-18 months
Rotavirus
2, 4, 6 months
Diphtheria, tetanus, pertusis
2, 4, 6, 15-18 months, 4-6 years
Haemophilus influenzae type b
2, 4, 6, 12-15 months
Pneumococcal
2, 4, 6, 12-15 months, 2-6 years
Inactivated Poliovirus
2, 4 months, 6-18 months, 4-6 years
Influenza
yearly starting at 6 months
Measles, mumps, rubella
12-15 months, 4-6 years
Varicella
12-15 months, 4-6 years
Hepatitis A
12-23 months 1 dose, 2-6 years series
Meningococcal
9 months - 6 years
Things on an Rx
Full name of patient date drug name dosage route of administration amount of drug generics permitted # of refills signature of prescriber DEA if needed
Jonas Salk
Discovered the polio vaccine
Zero-order
fixed quantity is eliminated per unit time
first-order
constant fraction of remaining drug is eliminate per unit time.
Drug tolerance
condition where the body adapts to a drug so that higher doses are needed to produce the same therapeutic effect
psychological dependence
condition where a patient takes a drug on a regular basis because it produces a sense of well-being.
Physical dependence
taking a drug continuously so that when the medication is stopped, physical withdrawal symptoms occur.
addiction
compulsive and uncontrollable use of controlled substances
