Test 2: CH 4 Socialization Flashcards
what will happen to children if they are not exposed to other humans who care for them in their first few months of life?
the neural structures responsible for emotional and intellectual development will wither
people can only become fully human if they undergo…
socialization
socialization
when people learn to function in social life and become aware of themselves as they interact with others
2 things socialization “involves”
- individuals taking on and disengaging from roles
- becoming aware of themselves as they interact with others
what does our self consist of?
our ideas and attitudes of who we are as an independent being
Freud said infants begin to develop a self image when?
when their demands are not immediately met
Freud argued that the self emerges only as a result of what?
social interaction
Before Freud, scholars thought the self developed how?
naturally, how a seed germinates
idea of Cooley’s “looking glass self”
just as we see our reflection in the mirror, we see our social selves reflected in people’s responses to us
“I” and “me” according to Mead
I: impulsive aspect of the self present from birth
Me: objective component of the self that emerges as people communicate symbolically
Mead’s 4 stages of development: role-taking
- children imitate the significant others in their lives
- children pretend to be others by role-playing games “school”, “doctor”, etc
- children learn to take the role of several people while playing complex games
- children take the role of the generalized other
life course
the distinct phases of life through which people pass
what marks the different stages of life in one’s life course?
rites of passage
which stage of human development has only been recognized in the past few hundred years?
adolescence
age cohort
category of people born in the same range of years
age roles
expectations about the behavior of people in different age cohorts
generation
an age cohort that shares unique experiences in their first few decades of life that shape their identity and values
6 generations alive in Canada today and their most noticeable trait
greatest generation: 1900-1928, survived the great depression and WW2
silent generation: 1929-1945, AKA traditionalist generation bc of their shared values of hard work and conformity
baby boomers: 1945-1965, lead the cultural revolution that embraced civil rights and opposed war
gen x: 1966-1981, latchkey kids, grew up in baby boomers shadow, conservative w money
milennials: 1982-1994, known as lazy and entitled but those labels are undeserved
gen z: 1995-2010, short attention spans and great multitaskers, heavy on social media
steps of socialization
- in any environment, a person acts on the basis of their existing characteristics/interests
- the environment responds to the person’s actions
- the environmental response shapes the person’s conduct by either reinforcing their patterns of encouraging change.
examples of social institutions that socialization operates through
families, schools, peer groups, mass media
primary socialization
acquiring the basic skills needed to function in society in childhood
the main way a religious group grows
recruiting children whose parents already belong to the group
secondary socialization
socialization outside the family after childhood
hidden school curriculum
teaching students how to be good citizens following graduation
which theorists first proposed the hidden curriculum?
conflict theorists
Thomas theorem and who proposed it
“situations we define as real become real in their consequences”; symbolic interactionists
self-fulfilling prophecy and who developed it
an expectation that helps to cause what it predicts; symbolic interactionists
what is the leading socializing agent from middle childhood through adolescence?
peer groups
2 functions of peer groups
- help adolescents form an identity independent from their families
- teach adolescents how to adapt to larger society
continuous connectivity
the idea that Canadians are so obsessed with the internet and our devices that we’re never really truly alone or unavailable
resocialization
when powerful socializing agents cause rapid change in people’s values, roles and self-conception (sometimes against their will)
3 stages of initiation rites (ex: a fraternity)
- separate form old identity
- experience degradation, disorientation and stress
- accept new group culture and status
1 ritual rejection 2 ritual death 3 ritual rebirth
where does resocialization commonly occur?
total institutions: people are isolated from larger society and under strict control and supervision of specialized staff
anticipatory socialization
taking on norms and behaviors of the roles that we aspire
factors contributing to the growing flexibility of the self
globalization
ability to change our bodies
what tool is beginning to have a huge effect on the way we portray ourselves?
the internet
