Test 2: CH 4 Socialization

Question 1

what will happen to children if they are not exposed to other humans who care for them in their first few months of life?

Answer 1

the neural structures responsible for emotional and intellectual development will wither

Question 2

people can only become fully human if they undergo…

Answer 2

socialization

Question 3

socialization

Answer 3

when people learn to function in social life and become aware of themselves as they interact with others

Question 4

2 things socialization “involves”

Answer 4

1. individuals taking on and disengaging from roles
2. becoming aware of themselves as they interact with others

Question 5

what does our self consist of?

Answer 5

our ideas and attitudes of who we are as an independent being

Question 6

Freud said infants begin to develop a self image when?

Answer 6

when their demands are not immediately met

Question 7

Freud argued that the self emerges only as a result of what?

Answer 7

social interaction

Question 8

Before Freud, scholars thought the self developed how?

Answer 8

naturally, how a seed germinates

Question 9

idea of Cooley’s “looking glass self”

Answer 9

just as we see our reflection in the mirror, we see our social selves reflected in people’s responses to us

Question 10

“I” and “me” according to Mead

Answer 10

I: impulsive aspect of the self present from birth
Me: objective component of the self that emerges as people communicate symbolically

Question 11

Mead’s 4 stages of development: role-taking

Answer 11

1. children imitate the significant others in their lives
2. children pretend to be others by role-playing games “school”, “doctor”, etc
3. children learn to take the role of several people while playing complex games
4. children take the role of the generalized other

Question 12

life course

Answer 12

the distinct phases of life through which people pass

Question 13

what marks the different stages of life in one’s life course?

Answer 13

rites of passage

Question 14

which stage of human development has only been recognized in the past few hundred years?

Answer 14

adolescence

Question 15

age cohort

Answer 15

category of people born in the same range of years

Question 16

age roles

Answer 16

expectations about the behavior of people in different age cohorts

Question 17

generation

Answer 17

an age cohort that shares unique experiences in their first few decades of life that shape their identity and values

Question 18

6 generations alive in Canada today and their most noticeable trait

Answer 18

greatest generation: 1900-1928, survived the great depression and WW2
silent generation: 1929-1945, AKA traditionalist generation bc of their shared values of hard work and conformity
baby boomers: 1945-1965, lead the cultural revolution that embraced civil rights and opposed war
gen x: 1966-1981, latchkey kids, grew up in baby boomers shadow, conservative w money
milennials: 1982-1994, known as lazy and entitled but those labels are undeserved
gen z: 1995-2010, short attention spans and great multitaskers, heavy on social media

Question 19

steps of socialization

Answer 19

1. in any environment, a person acts on the basis of their existing characteristics/interests
2. the environment responds to the person’s actions
3. the environmental response shapes the person’s conduct by either reinforcing their patterns of encouraging change.

Question 20

examples of social institutions that socialization operates through

Answer 20

families, schools, peer groups, mass media

Question 21

primary socialization

Answer 21

acquiring the basic skills needed to function in society in childhood

Question 22

the main way a religious group grows

Answer 22

recruiting children whose parents already belong to the group

Question 23

secondary socialization

Answer 23

socialization outside the family after childhood

Question 24

hidden school curriculum

Answer 24

teaching students how to be good citizens following graduation

Question 25

which theorists first proposed the hidden curriculum?

Answer 25

conflict theorists

Question 26

Thomas theorem and who proposed it

Answer 26

“situations we define as real become real in their consequences”; symbolic interactionists

Question 27

self-fulfilling prophecy and who developed it

Answer 27

an expectation that helps to cause what it predicts; symbolic interactionists

Question 28

what is the leading socializing agent from middle childhood through adolescence?

Answer 28

peer groups

Question 29

2 functions of peer groups

Answer 29

1. help adolescents form an identity independent from their families
2. teach adolescents how to adapt to larger society

Question 30

continuous connectivity

Answer 30

the idea that Canadians are so obsessed with the internet and our devices that we’re never really truly alone or unavailable

Question 31

resocialization

Answer 31

when powerful socializing agents cause rapid change in people’s values, roles and self-conception (sometimes against their will)

Question 32

3 stages of initiation rites (ex: a fraternity)

Answer 32

1. separate form old identity
2. experience degradation, disorientation and stress
3. accept new group culture and status
   1 ritual rejection 2 ritual death 3 ritual rebirth

Question 33

where does resocialization commonly occur?

Answer 33

total institutions: people are isolated from larger society and under strict control and supervision of specialized staff

Question 34

anticipatory socialization

Answer 34

taking on norms and behaviors of the roles that we aspire

Question 35

factors contributing to the growing flexibility of the self

Answer 35

globalization
ability to change our bodies

Question 36

what tool is beginning to have a huge effect on the way we portray ourselves?

Answer 36

the internet