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Sociology 1000 > Test 1 - Class Notes > Flashcards

Test 1 - Class Notes Flashcards

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Sociology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Norm

A

idea shared by a group concerning how individuals are expected to act under certain circumstances with positive or negative sanctions!

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2
Q

What do rights and duties create?

A

Roles

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3
Q

Anomie

A

pain of disorientation that comes when we are suddenly pushed/pulled away from our routine world that we took for granted

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4
Q

Role set

A

set of roles that logically go together

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5
Q

Role sector

A

relationships between 2(+) roles (ex: student-teacher, student-student, student-admin)

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6
Q

What connects 2 different roles?

A

Norms

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7
Q

What makes things thinkaboutable/talkaboutable?

A

Words

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8
Q

Explain how we live in an invisible yet real social world

A

Our world is made up of “ideas” which aren’t visible BUT we find realness in the consequences of our actions

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9
Q

Status set

A

all of one’s social positions

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10
Q

Who invented the sociological imagination?

A

C. W. Mills

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11
Q

What condition did Mills say we live in?

A

troubled times

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12
Q

What constitutes troubled times according to Mills?

A

private troubles and public issues

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13
Q

What is inadequate socialization to a position?

A

conforming; explains the idea that private troubles are sometimes another party’s public issues

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14
Q

What makes up public issues?

A

Biography > social structure > history

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15
Q

Role set

A

acting out a set of norms b/w 2 social identities that creates a norm

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16
Q

For every social position you occupy, how many role sets should you have?

A

1

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17
Q

What is the main idea of the sociological imagination

A

We live in a time of unease/ troubled times

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18
Q

Values

A

higher-order norms

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19
Q

Why do humans love routine so much?

A

We are creatures of habit; without routine we feel stress/anxiety

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20
Q

In what 2 ways is structure imposed upon us?

A

through the macroworld and microworld

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21
Q

Macroworld

A

behind the scenes structures that organize much of what exists in face to face interactions

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22
Q

Microworld

A

intimate world of face to face interactions

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23
Q

Example of microworld and macroworld

A

Your romantic relationship with someone is apart of your microworld BUT if you end it because your family and friends don’t like that person you’ve been influenced by your macroworld

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24
Q

What 2 viewpoints are hard to distinguish because they share ideas about the social world?

A

sociological and economic

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25
Q

Which 2 famous sociologists spent part of their careers in economics?

A

Mark and Weber

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26
Q

What question do anthropologists typically ask?

A

How do they live?

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27
Q

4 boundaries of sociology

A

economics, anthropology, political science and psychology

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28
Q

What is the primary distinguisher of sociology and psychology?

A

their units of analysis

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29
Q

What are psychology and sociology’s units of analysis?

A

psyc: intra (the individual’s internal processes)
sociology: inter (interactions between people)

30
Q

How would sociologists study pupilometry?

A

Analyzing how pupils change when reactions to different people/situations

31
Q

Role strain

A

difficulty meeting basic demands of a role

32
Q

What would sociologists say is the cause of anxiety leading to high dropout rates at high schools?

A

Due to the interactions students have at school

33
Q

4 types of role strain

A
  1. inadequate socialization to a position
  2. conflict b/w our true self and what the role requires of us
  3. role conflict
  4. role competition-role overload
34
Q

behavioral vs attitudinal conformity

A

behavioral: we do what’s expected to avoid negative sanctions
attitudinal: conform due to the standards we’ve set for ourselves

35
Q

2 sources of role conflict

A

intra (w/in role set) and inter (w/in status set)

36
Q

role overload

A

having to choose to honor the demands of one role at the expense of another

37
Q

10 coping mechanisms

A

compartmentalization
role hierarchy
appeal to role-taking
role-contraction
role-withdrawal
doctrinal conformity
denial
motive talk
embarrassment
judication

38
Q

compartmentalization

A

separate your roles into different settings as a way of organization

39
Q

appeal to role-taking

A

asking someone to put themselves in your shoes if they’re having a hard time understanding why you are prioritizing your role over them/something else

40
Q

role-contraction

A

only meeting the essential demands of a role (ex: when you’re busy during exams, just call your grandpa instead of going to visit. still meeting basic demands of the role)

41
Q

role-withdrawal

A

completely giving up a role

42
Q

doctrinal conformity

A

saying/doing what we think an audience wants us to due to fear of being negatively sanctioned (when not in their presence we’d act differently)

43
Q

membership group vs reference group

A

membership: group you’re apart of
reference: group you go to for help/advice

44
Q

motive talk

A

redefining a potentially painful situation in terms that are more personally/socially acceptable

45
Q

theories

A

conceptual processes involved in “making sense” of our empirical generalizations

46
Q

concepts

A

ideas that refer to a category of events

47
Q

3 types of functions produced by structure

A

manifest, latent & dysfunction

48
Q

manifest function

A

recognized and intended consequences that lead to the adaptation of the larger whole

49
Q

latent functions

A

UNrecognized and UNintended consequences that lead to the adaptation of the larger whole

50
Q

dysfunction

A

consequences have a negative impact on the larger whole

51
Q

explain the emergence of norms (1st vs 2nd time)

A

1st time: we’re surprised, don’t know what’s expected of us
2nd time: we fall into a routine because we understand the structure of the new norm

52
Q

How do people view society according to SF theory?

A

as a living organism & holistically (change in 1 part leads to change in another part)

53
Q

how is society “whole” according to SF theory?

A

society is made up of a system of parts that each affect each other

54
Q

what is the building block of structure?

A

norms

55
Q

2 processes that maintain the system according to SF theory

A

socialization and social control

56
Q

socialization

A

as we grow, norms become internalized and we abide by them

57
Q

what did Hobbes ask that initiated conflict theory?

A

what are people like? and what kind of society do people produce?

58
Q

what are people like according to Hobbes?

A

self-interested and power-hungry

59
Q

power vs authority

A

power: ability to obtain one’s will despite resistance
authority: no resistance to overcome bc it’s understood b/w ruler and the ruled that the exercise of power is justified

60
Q

Who focused on conflict theory at the individual level and at the group level?

A

individual: Hobbes
group: Marx

61
Q

what did Marx say about scarce interests?

A

they center on the ownerships of the means of production in society. owners keep it this way and non-owners seek social change

62
Q

what happens to conflict when social classes are pitted against each other?

A

conflict is no longer random but is instead systematically generated by our position in the structure of society

63
Q

what kind of society do humans produce according to Hobbes?

A

a war of all vs all

64
Q

who said the war of all vs all becomes war of 1 social class vs another?

A

Marx

65
Q

2 main points of symbolic interactionism

A

people actively create their social world & act towards things on the basis of the meanings they have to us

66
Q

how do we learn meanings according to SI?

A

in interaction in the concept of symbols

67
Q

definition of the situation

A

as we go through life, we learn the names and ways associated with symbols and we store them in our common stock of knowledge

68
Q

what does it mean if everyone agrees on the same language/ideas?

A

they most likely all have the same definition of a situation

69
Q

4 steps to defining a situation

A
  1. enter a situation with a goal
  2. define the social identity of whoever we interact with and then negotiate a role
  3. roles and expectations influence but don’t necessarily determine how the interaction will play out
  4. devise our performance on the basis of who we think the other person is (what their role is and how they’ll act)
70
Q

role-taking

A

mentally putting ourself in the psychological position of the other and attempting to see the world from their perspective

71
Q

multidimensional analysis

A

relating 2(+) variables to see how related they are while simultaneously controlling for other factors

72
Q

spurious relationship

A

if the assumed IV turns out to not be the causal variable for the DV, the 2 now have a spurious relationship

Sociology 1000 (11 decks)

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