Test 2: Buddhism

Question 1

The founder of Buddhism. He is given the title Buddha which means “Awakened One”. Comes from the sanskrit term “bodhi” which means illuminated intellect. He is not the only Buddha. He was born into a Hindu family, into royalty. Lived to be 80 years old. Some dispute as to which year he was born in, approx 563/566 - 483/486 BCE

Answer 1

Siddhartha Gautama

Question 2

The tribal name of the tribe Siddartha Gautama was apart of.

Answer 2

Shakyamuni

Question 3

Renunciate. People who renounce the world in order to achieve enlightenment. Movement that started in the northwest of India, especially along the ganges river. Rejected caste. Mostly young men who did not want to go through the stages of life before enlightenment. Eventually rejected gender and women could become renunciates aswell.

Answer 3

Sramana

Question 4

The buddhist community. For Theravada buddhists, the monastics only. For Mahayana buddhists, the monastics + the lay people.

Answer 4

Sangha

Question 5

Actions driven by intention.

Answer 5

Karma

Question 6

The cycle of reincarnation. Cycle of deaths and rebirths closely associated with soctrine of dependant co-arising.

Answer 6

Samsara

Question 7

Components. The ____ of sentient beings.

Answer 7

Skandhas

Question 8

“Own being”, independant eternal existence. Nothing has this.

Answer 8

Svabhava

Question 9

no self/no soul

Answer 9

Anatman

Question 10

the enlightenment. Literally means “extinguishing”. The extinguishing of desire.

Answer 10

Nirvana

Question 11

When an enlightened person dies. Complete extinguishing.

Answer 11

Parinirvana

Question 12

The early Buddhist scriptures. Means “Three Baskets”. Three categories of early Buddhist writings including Sutras; words of the Buddha, Vinaya: rules for the sangha, and Abhidharma; later scholarly treatises. The scriptures were at first oral but got written down by 1st C. CE. All Buddhists except this.

Answer 12

Tripitaka

Question 13

“The Way of the Elders”. Type of Buddhism focusing on the traditional practices . Core scripture is Tripitaka. Very self powered. Includes the triple gem. Ideal is Arhat “be lamps unto yourselves”. The ultimate goal is indivdual parinirvana. Believes only monastics (men) can achieve enlightenment

Answer 13

Theravada

Question 14

Someone who is extremely close to enlightenment but they do not fully dissolve formations because they have the sole purpose of remaining within samsara to help others. They dont all take rebirth on earth, some take rebirth in the heavens that are considered god like figures. In Mahayana Buddhism, they help everyone achieve enlightenment.

Answer 14

Bodhisattvas

Bodhi “the illumined intellect”
Satva “pure clarity”

Question 15

All Buddhists recognize this. Theravada Buddhists understand it differently. Includes the (historical) Buddha, the Dharma (teaching), and the (monastic) Sangha.

Answer 15

The Triple Gem

also reffered to as the triple refuge.

Question 16

“The Great Vehicle”. Type of Buddhism. Believes everyone can become enlightened, women can be monastics (nuns). Has 3 special teachings: The teaching of Sunyata (emptiness), The mediation of the Bodhisattva, and The Teaching of the 3 Bodies.

Answer 16

Mahayana

Question 17

“Noble serpent”. Disciple of Buddha who was given the jewel of emptiness by the Naga king.

Answer 17

Nagarjuna

Question 18

Concept taught in Mahayana Buddhism. Means “emptiness”

Answer 18

Sunyata

Question 19

The teachings

Answer 19

Dharma

Question 20

Buddha of Infinite Light. Developed his own loca (realm in the heavens) called sukhavati. He is a bodhisattva. Associated with Pure Land Buddhism

Answer 20

Amitabha

Question 21

Disciple of Amitabha. Heavenly form of the Dalai Lama. In Vajrayana (tibetin buddhism) he has bliss body in the heavens but also takes incarnation on earth as the Dalai Lama.

Answer 21

Avalokiteshvara

Question 22

The earthly incarnation of Avalokiteshvara. There have been 14. The current is Tenzin Gyatso. Means “ocean teacher”. When he dies, it takes 49 days for the tanha knot to find new incarnation.

Answer 22

Dalai Lama

Question 23

Anxious grasping. Wanting to be permanent is the cause of suffering. You can eradicate duhkha by extinguishing this. You extinguish this through the 8 fold path. It is a pulling energy

Answer 23

Tanha

Question 24

Suffering. all is this, and it has a cause described by the 4 Noble Truths. You can eradicate this by extinguishing tanha

Answer 24

Duhkha

Question 25

“circle”. Always an 8 or 12 spoke wheel, also represents the locas of various bodhisattvas of Mahayana Buddhism.

Answer 25

Mandala

Question 26

Japanese teaching of Buddhism, orginally ‘chan’. (“absorbtion”/”meditation”)

Answer 26

Zen

Question 27

Core practice of Zen Buddhism. Means “sitting”. Observing whats going on inside you. When you sit you can change habitual response patterns.

Answer 27

Zazen

Question 28

Core practice of Zen Buddhism. Logic-defying “riddle” meant to break down the rational structures of the mind. Ex. what is the sound of one hand clapping?

Answer 28

Koan