test 2 blood borne pathogens Flashcards
- microorganism that causes disease
- present in human blood and bodily fluids
blood borne pathogen
__ and ___ have higher possibility of spreading
HBC and HCV
- Spread through sharp objects, open wounds, bodily fluids
- Swelling, soreness, loss of normal liver function
- Increased dramatically in last 10 years
- Can survive for 2-3 weeks in dried blood.
HBV
Signs
Flulike symptoms
Fatigue, weakness, nausea, headaches, fever, jaundice
Can go undetected
Prevention
Good personal hygiene
Avoid high risk activities
Vaccine – 3 shots over 6 months
signs and prevention of HBV
- Acute and chronic form of liver disease
- 67% of HCV infections result in liver disease
- Most common blood borne infection
- Spread by contact with blood of infected person
- Tattoo palors
HCV
Signs
- Jaundice, dark urine
- Mild abdominal pain (URQ), loss of appetite, nausea, fatigue
- Muscle or joint pain
Prevention
- Follow routine barrier precautions
- Safely handle needles, sharp objects
- No Vaccine
signs and prevention of HCV
- Family of viruses that invade normal, healthy cells
- Destroys immune system
- Transmitted through exposure to infected blood or bodily fluids
HIV
Fatigue, weight loss, muscle or joint pain
Painful or swollen glands, night sweats, fever
High risk of developing AIDS
No protection against simplest infections
Prevention
Understand the risks of certain behaviors
Make educated and safe choices
Management
No Vaccine
No Cure
Research being done with “drug cocktails”
signs, prevention and management of HIV
athletes with HIV can’t be discriminated against because of what act
americans with disability act
- 1991 OSHA guidelines to protect health care provider and patient – minimize risk of exposure and transmission
- All open skin wounds must be covered prior to practice/game
- Athlete with active bleeding must be removed from participation
- Uniforms must be cleaned and/or changed before returning to play
universal precautions
- Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
- Disposable gloves, gowns/aprons, masks/shields, eye protection
- Wash hands and skin surfaces that came in contact with blood immediately with soap and water or antigermicide
personal precautions
- Proper receptacles with Biohazard warning labels
- Designated container for sharps disposal
- Disinfectants, Bleach, Antiseptics
- Contaminated surfaces cleaned with 1 part bleach to 10 parts water or with approved disinfectant
supplies and equipment
- Towels and clothing should be separated from other laundryHot water with detergent that deactivates virusGloves should be worn while handling laundry
soiled laundry
trauma to tissue that causes break in the continuity of that tissue
- abrasions
- lacerations
- incisions
- puncture
- avulsion
wound
skin scraped against rough surface, exposes capillaries
abrasions
sharp or pointed object tears the tissue, jagged edge
lacerations
blow has been delivered over sharp bone, smooth edges
incisions
- consider to be contaminated
- must be cleans,medicated,and dressed
- soap and water or sterile saline solution to clean initially(clean from inside to outside)
caring for skin wounds
sterile dressing with topical antibiotic, ointment should be used and sutures decision should be made within 12 hours
wound care
- Pain
- Heat
- Redness
- Swelling
- Disordered function
- Pus accumulation
- Fever
- Tetanus
- Bacterial infesfljjfljlifnlinli
signs of wound infection
- incomplete fx
- common in children and adolescents
greenstick fracture
tensile forces cause a piece of bone to be pulled away
avulsion fracture
- fracture line crosses teh bone’s long axis
- caused by a direct blow, shear force
transverse fracture
- fracture producing multiple pieces
- caused by high velocity forces (bullriding)
- often requires surgical fixation
comminuted= community fracture
- Open= possible severed artery
- Closed=no wound
compound fracture
- caused by rotational forces (sno skiing)
- fracture line creates an S shape along the shaft of the bone
spiral fracture
- caused by repetitive loading
- dont show early the process on a xray
- can become a different fx type
stress fracture
- ___ lay down new bone forming a callus while ___ absorb and reshape bone
- long bones :6 wks
- small bones: 3 wks
osteoblasts; osteoclasts
- complete disruption of a joint with at least one bone forced out of proper alignment
- first time __ should be treated as a fracture(immobilized and reffered to MD)
dislocation
- partial dislocation
- most commonly occuring in shoulders and patella(knee cap)
subluxations
- injury involving a joint
- ligaments (tie bone to bone) are stretchced or torn
sprains
injury involving the tendon
strains
Grading(severity of injury)
- 1degree- stretching of ligaments/tendons
- 2degree- stretching with some tearing
- 3degree- complete tearing
sprains/strains grading system
- crepitus= cracking sound made by the tendon sticking to the surround structure
- tenosynovitis=inflammation of the tendon and synovial sheath(common in tendons of fingers)
overuse injuries
- medical term for bruise
- can result in a hematoma(egg shaped swollen spot)
- complications can lead to myositis ossificans which a calcium formation in muscle tissue usually in the quadriceps and biceps
contusion
- wearing down of hyaline cartilagte
- causes pain and stiffness
- more prevalent in the lumbar, hip, shoulder, and knee joints
- symptoms present more in the morning
osteoarthritis
- inflammation
- fibrolastic repair
- remodeling
3phases of healing
