test 2 adverse environ conditions Flashcards
- decreased body temp
- Combination of cold, windy, and damp conditions
- Core temp between 77-85 degrees = imminent death
hyptothermia
Dehydration reduces __ ___ = less fluid to warm tissues
blood volume
- Involves ears nose, cheeks, fingers and toes
- Skin appears firm, with cold painless areas
- May peel or blister within 24-72 hours
- Treat with firm pressure (no rubbing), blowing hot air on the spot
frostnip
- Skin and subcutaneous tissue
- Pale, hard, cold, and waxy
- With rewarming, skin will feel numb, then sting, then burn
- May produce painful blisters
superficial frostbite
- Serious injury – frozen tissue
- Medical Emergency – immediate Hospitalization
- Rapid rewarming required (hot drinks, hot pads/blankets)
- With rewarming, skin looks blotchy, red, swollen, and very painful
- Can become gangrenous if not treated
deep frostbite
- Proper apparel – thin layers that can easily be removed or added
- Warm-up suits worn during breaks
- Replace fluids
prevention for adverse cold weather
- increased body temp
- hot, humid , sunny
hyperthermia
- Conduction
- Direct contact with cooler object
- Ex: ice towel
- Convection
- Contact with cooler air or water mass
- Ex: wind
- Radiation
- Heat generated from metabolism or from an object
- Evaporation
- Sweat evaporation from skin surfaces
heat gain/loss
- Evaporation impaired when humidity reaches 65% and stops at 75%
- Core body temp above 107 = imminent death
- Physiological process can only continue to function properly if body temp is kept within a normal range
heat stress
Fluid Replacement
- Unrestricted replacement
- Replace fluids every 15 mins
- Fluid replacement = sweat loss
- Clear urine
Acclimatization
- Minimum of 10-14 days
preventing heat illness
Large muscle mass, overweight, women, elderly, those with poor fitness levels, history of heat illness, certain medications
Weigh before and after
Loss of 3-5% of body weight = health threat
Light weight, loose fitting
Protective equipment
ID susceptible individuals
weight records
apparel
- Heat collapse
- Rapid physical fatigue during exposure to heat
- Pooling of blood in extremities, dizziness, fainting, nausea
Treatment
Laying athlete down in cool environment
Replacing fluids
heat syncope
- Painful muscle spasms (calf,thighs and abdomen)
- Excessive loss of water and electrolytes
- Overexertion in the heat
Treatment
Replace fluids
Mild stretching with ice massage
heat cramps
- Inadequate replacement of fluids and nutrition lost through sweating
- Poor conditioned athletes, not used to heat
Signs/Symptoms
Collapses, profuse sweating, pale skin, elevated core temp (102), dizziness, hyperventilation, rapid pulse, decrease in function
Treatment
Hydrate, cool environment, ice towels,IV replacement of fluids
heat exhaustion
MEDICAL EMERGENCY
Breakdown of thermoregulatory mechanisms – body can’t dissipate heat through sweating
Signs/Symptoms
- Sudden collapse, loss of consciousness, flushed/hot skin, less sweating, shallow breathing, rapid/strong pulse, core temp 104 or higher
Treatment
- Lower temp to normal ranges within 45 minutes reduces chances of death
- Transport to hospital
- Cool environment, remove clothing, immerse athlete in ice water (ice bags, ice towels, sponges in armpits groin and neck)
heat stroke
