last 2 ppts Flashcards
most common bony injury
nasal bone fracture/ nasal septum (tx:ice, nose packing,refer to physician)
2nd most common bony injury
mandible fx(malocclusion of teeth, bleeding around, lower lip numbness) -ice, immobilize, dr
black eye is aka
orbital hematoma
- pain, tear, blurred vision
- patch and refer
- 1-2 days to heal
corneal abrasion
blood in the eye, vision block, patch both eyes NO ICE
hyphema
hit on orbit; discoloration inferior margins inability to move eye up, diplopia, pain
blowout fx(orbit of eye is fractured)
direct blow, specks in vision, flashes of light, curtain
retinal detachment
ways to save a tooth- transport media
milk, saline, saliva, water, mouth
extrusion or lateral luxation tooth displacement
can try to reposition
intrusion tooth displacement
dont try to reposition, mouth closed
no return, dentist, save tooth fragment with what kind
fractured tooth [crown or root]
- handle tooth by crown only, replace in socket if possible
- keep tooth moist
tooth avulsion
less than 30 min=
greater than 2 hrs=
90%; 5% survival rates
external otitis
swimmers ear
otitis medius
ear infection
hardened tissue of untreated hematoma, keloid tissue is resultant
cauliflower ear
controls memory, emotions, learning, judgement, voluntary muscle movements.
Cerebrum-
controls muscle movements
cerebellum
controls heart rate, breathing, coughing
medulla
3 layers of protection in skull
dura mater
arachnoid
pia mater
brain is suspended in
cerebrospinal fluid
head/neck injuries may present as what
cervical spine injury, brain injury(concussion/traumatic brain) or skull fracture
___ hematoma more common than epidural hematoma
subdural
caused by whiplash forces that tear venous blood vessels
-signs are unconscious with dilation of pupil on 1side, headache,vertigo, nausea, sleepiness
subdural hematoma
- blow to the head(baseball bat)
- unconscious, 1 pupil dilation,headache, nausea, vertigo, seizures LIFE threatening
epidural hematoma
ALWAYS assume a neck injury.
Don’t move the athlete if unconscious
Check ABC’s
Don’t remove helmet, remove face mask.
head injury eval
- 250,000 concussions/year for High School FB players.
- After 1st concussion, chance of 2nd is 4X greater.
- Brain cells that are not destroyed may exist in a vulnerable state
concussion factoids
- loss of consciousness
- Headache, vertigo, nausea, -vomiting
- AMNESIA
- Balance, Slow pupil response or dilation
- Visual accuities
concussion symptoms
“If you were out, you are out”
“If you sway you do not play”
Any amnesia or increase in S/S with activity
Golden rules:
more important to determine __ __ of the s/s and when to refer, such as if symptoms increase/worsen
time course
Do you know where you are? Can you tell me what happened? Does your head hurt? Do you have pain in your neck? Can you move your hands and feet?
HISTORY -head injury assessment
Blank stare? Disorientation Slurred or incoherent speech Cognitive function Normal emotional response
OBSERVATION -head injury assessment
special test for balance
rhomberg test
Finger-Nose, Heel-Toe Walking = Coordination
Recall three words/lunch = Memory
Months of the year backwards = concentration
Eye Function = pen/finger tracking, blurred vision, pupil response to light
special tests
A player sustaining a concussion is out for 1 week after symptoms subside.
New UIL rule
Brain swelling because a 1st injury hasn’t healed.
Second impact may not even involve a blow to the head.
Signs: May appear dazed followed by a rapid decline in consciousness, pupils, eye movement.
Care: 911
second impact syndrome
Understand mechanisms of injury
Monitor equipment and technique
Recognize injury severity
Collaborate with physician on return to play decisions
Understand the potential negative consequences
what coach can do to prevent/treat concussions
