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SUPA Psychology > Test 2- Biology > Flashcards

Test 2- Biology Flashcards

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1
Q

Neurons

A

Main nervous system cells

Allows the transfer of information

communication cells

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2
Q

Dendrites

A

Part of a neuron

Branches that receive information

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3
Q

Cell body (soma)

A

Part of a neuron

where information passes through after the dendrites

life support system of the neuron

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4
Q

Axon

A

Part of a neuron

Where information travels along from the cell body to the end

encased in a myelin sheath

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5
Q

Action potential

A

The electrical signal that travels down the axon

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6
Q

Terminal buttons

A

Forms junctions with other cells to send information

Sends it to another neuron’s dendrites through chemical neurotransmitters

Has “bubbles”- synaptic vesicles
– contains neurotransmitter
molecules

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7
Q

Glia cells

A

Support system for nervous system

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8
Q

Peripheral Nervous System

A

Everything that branches off from the brain and spinal cord

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9
Q

Central Nervous System

A

Brain and spinal cord

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10
Q

Gray matter

A

Part of brain that is on the outside

Where the cell bodies of neurons are located

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11
Q

White matter

A

Part of brain that is on the inside

Where the myelin sheaths of the axons are located

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12
Q

CT Scan

A

Can show structure of the brain

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13
Q

PET Scan

A

Can show activity in the brain

Inject things into the brain- causes it to light up during the scan

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14
Q

EEG

A

electroencephalogram

measures brain electrical activity

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15
Q

MRI

A

Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Similar to CT, More accurate

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16
Q

fMRI

A

functional MRI

similar to pet scan, nothing injected though

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17
Q

Brain plasticity

A

The brain is flexible and can change over time

constantly changing and evolving

can be suppressed with poor mental and physical health

18
Q

The microbiome

A

Trillions of microorganisms coexist peacefully

mostly located in the small and large intestines

people can physically and psychologically change based on the microbiome

19
Q

Endocrine System

A

Controlled by the nervous system through the hypothalamus

20
Q

Oxytocin

A

Parental hormone

increase during and after childbirth by both parents

21
Q

Acetylcholine
(Function, Agonists, Antagonists)

A

Functions:

-Muscle Movement
– transmits signals from motor neurons to skeletal muscles

Agonists:

  • Nicotine
  • Alzheimer’s Drugs

Antagonists:

  • Botox
  • Parkinson’s drugs
22
Q

Norepinephrine
(Function, Agonists, Antagonists)

A

Function:

-Increased Alertness
– Norepinephrine boosts attention and focus

-Fight or Flight Response

Agonists:

-ADHD Meds

Antagonists:

-Beta-Blockers

23
Q

Dopamine
(Function, Agonists, Antagonists)

A

Function:

  • Reward and Pleasure
    – Encourages you to repeat activities that lead to positive activities
  • Motivation and Drive

Agonists:

  • Parkinson’s Disease Medications
  • ADHD Medications

Antagonists:

-Antipsychotics

24
Q

Serotonin
(Function, Agonists, Antagonists)

A

Function:

  • Mood Regulation
    – boosts happiness and emotional stability, reduces anxiety and depression

Agonists:

  • SSRIs (Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors)
  • Antianxiety drugs

Antagonists:

  • Atypical Antipsychotics
25
Q

GABA
(Function, Agonists, Antagonists)

A

Function:

  • Reduction of Anxiety
    – decreases excessive brain activity, reduces anxiety
  • Promotion of Sleep
    – inhibits arousal pathways, leads to relaxation and drowsiness

Agonists:

  • Benzodiazepines
  • Alcohol

Antagonists

  • Flumazenil
26
Q

Endorphins
(Function, Agonists, Antagonists)

A

Functions:

  • Pain Relief
  • Euphoria and Pleasure

Agonists:

  • Opiods

Antagonists:

  • Beta-endorphins
27
Q

Medulla (functions)

A

Regulates bodily activities such as HEART RHYTHM, BREATHING, BLOOD FLOW

Produces reflexive activities such as SNEEZING, VOMITING, COUGHING, SWALLOWING

28
Q

Pons (functions)

A

Influences sleep cycle and ALERTNESS when awoken

29
Q

Reticular Formation (functions)

A

SLEEP, WAKEFULNESS

30
Q

Thalamus (functions)

A

The body’s INFORMATION RELAY STATION

All information in the body is sent through here before the cerebral cortex

31
Q

Cerebellum (functions)

A

COORDINATES FINE MUSCLES MOVEMENT AND BALANCE

32
Q

Amygdala (functions)

A

Automatically DETECT DANGER

Play are role in EMOTIONAL CONTROL AND AGGRESSION

33
Q

Hypothalamus (functions)

A

Keeps the body in HOMEOSTASIS
- BODY TEMPERATURE, HUNGER, THIRST, MOOD, SEX DRIVE, SLEEP

34
Q

Pituitary Gland (functions)

A

Regulates the FLOW OF HORMONES

RECIEVES CHEMICAL SIGNALS FROM THE HYPOTHALAMUS THROUGH ITS STALK AND BLOOD SUPPLY

35
Q

Hippocampus (functions)

A

Involved in MEMORY

36
Q

Cerebrum (functions)

A

Conscious thought

CEREBRAL CORTEX is the outer layer

Divided by a CORPUS CALLOSUM

37
Q

Frontal lobe (functions)

A

Involved in SPEAKING, PLANNING, JUDGING, ABSTRACT THINKING

38
Q

Parietal lobe (functions)

A

Involved in TOUCH and BODY POSITION

39
Q

Temporal lobe (functions)

A

Involved in COMPREHENSION, SPEECH, AND SOUND

40
Q

Occipital lobe (functions)

A

Involved in SIGHT

SUPA Psychology (3 decks)

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