Test 2- Atuonomic nervous System

Question 0

The term cholinergic mean

Answer 0

Parasympathetic NS

Question 1

The term adrenergic means

Answer 1

Sympathetic NS

Question 2

3 catecholamines

Answer 2

Norepinephrine
Epinephrine
Dopamine

Question 3

What is the imitating stimulus in SNS

Answer 3

Catecholamines

• epinephrine
• norepinephrine
• dopamine

Question 4

What is the halting stimulus in the SNS

Answer 4

Re uptake Pump
MAO enzyme
COMT enzyme
Liver metabolism

Question 5

SNS receptors

Answer 5

Alpha
Beta

Generally we don’t care about alpha 2
Beta 1 is the cardiac one

Question 6

What does alpha 1 do

Answer 6

Primary smooth muscle constriction
Vasoconstriction of coronary arteries, vasoconstriction of veins, decreased motility of smooth muscle of GI tract, glycogenolysis and gluconeogeneis from adipose tissue and liver

Question 7

What does beta 1 do

Answer 7

Increase cardiac output

Increase renin release in kidneys

Question 8

What does beta 2 do

Answer 8

Relaxes smooth muscles
Contract GI sphincters
Dilate arteries to skeletal muscle and cardiac muscle
Increase renin from kidneys

Question 9

Can SNS drugs be both selective or activate multiple receptors?

Answer 9

Yes. Selective effect only beta or alpha receptor and activating multiple receptors is a general or non selective drug

Question 10

Old drugs are more ______

New drugs are more ________

Answer 10

Old drugs are more general

New drugs are more selective

Question 11

What do adrenergic agents do

Answer 11

Stimulates the SNS

Question 12

Adrenergic agonist and sympathomimetics are considered

Answer 12

Adrenergic agents

Question 13

Indications of adrenergic agents
Alpha 1:
Beta 1:
Beta 2:

Answer 13

Alpha 1: hypotension, nasal congestion
Beta 1: cardiac arrest, heart failure, shock
Beta 2: asthma, premature labor

Question 14

Contraindications of adrenergic agents

Answer 14

Known allergy, severe hypertension

Question 15

CNS and CV side effects to adrenergic agents

Answer 15

CNS: HA, restlessness, excitement, insomnia, and euphoria. (Hyped up)

CV: vasoconstriction, hypertension, tachycardia, palpitations, dysrhythmias

Question 16

What is a Adrenergic Blocking Agent

Answer 16

Blocking sympathetic response

Question 17

Indications of Alpha 1 blockers and Beta 1 and Beta 2 blockers

Answer 17

Alpha 1 blockers: hypertension, BPH

Beta 1,2 blockers: angina, hypertension, dysrhythmias, migraines, glaucoma

Question 18

Initiating stimulus PSNS

Answer 18

Acetylcholine

Question 19

What do cholinergic agents do

Answer 19

Stimulate the parasympathetic response

Question 20

Halting stimulus PSNS

Answer 20

Cholinesterase

Question 21

Direct acting cholinergic agents mean

Answer 21

Act on receptors

Question 22

Indirect acting cholinergic agent means

Answer 22

Increase availability Ach by inhibiting cholinesterase; non selective

Question 23

Mechanism of action of cholinergic agents

Answer 23

SLUDGE
Salivation, lacrimation, urinary incontinence, diarrhea, GI cramping, and emesis

• stimulate intestine and bladder
• constriction of pupil(miosis), decrease IOP
• constriction of bronchi and airways

Question 24

Indications of cholinergic agents

Answer 24

Reduce IOP Treat various GI and bladder disorders Diagnosis and tx of myasthenia gravis Tx of Alzheimer's disease

Question 25

Contraindications of cholinergic agents

Answer 25

``` Drug allergy GI or GU obstruction Bradycardia COPD hypotension ```

Question 26

Side effects of cholinergic agents

Answer 26

Overstimulation of PSNS

Question 27

Main side effect of anti-cholinergic agents

Answer 27

Drying

Question 28

What does a anti-cholinergic agent do

Answer 28

Blocking parasympathetic response

Question 29

Mechanisms of actions for anti-cholinergic agents

Answer 29

Pupils dilate, increased IOP Decrease GI motility , GI secretions, saliva Increase HR Decreased bladder contraction= urinary retention Reduce sweating Dry mucous membranes Prevents bronchial constriction

Question 30

Most harmful and contraindicated to an asthma patient

Answer 30

Beta blocker

Question 31

Decrease heart rate and BP

Answer 31

Beta blockers

Question 32

Most harmful and contraindicated to narrow angle glaucoma

Answer 32

Anti-cholinergics

Question 33

What medication type may be used in eye drops in order to decrease IOP

Answer 33

Cholinergic agents

Question 34

Propanolol, metoprolol, and atenolol are:

Answer 34

Beta blockers

Question 35

This neurotransmitter is a catecholamine secreted by the adrenal glands

Answer 35

Epinephrine

Question 36

What is a enzyme that destroys sympathetic neurotransmitters

Answer 36

Monoamine oxidase (MOA)

Question 37

"Beta blockers " interact adversely (against) which types of agents?

Answer 37

Adrenergic agonists

Question 38

Cholinergic agents increase the availability of what neurotransmitter

Answer 38

Acetylcholine

Question 39

The best drug used for an acute asthma attack due to its bronchodilation activity would be:

Answer 39

Beta 2 agonist