Drugs To Know diabetic agents Flashcards
Glucotrol
Sulfonylureas
Classification :antidiabetic drug
Action: stimulate insulin secretion from beta cells of pancreas
Side effects: hypoglycemia, GI effects, moderate weight gain d/t fluid retention
Insulin
Sources are animal and synthetic. Human insulin DNA recombinant technology
Action: exogenous insulin functions as a substitute for endogenous hormone. Facilitates passage of glucose, potassium, magnesium across cellular membranes of skeletal/cardiac muscle, adipose tissue.
Indications: type 1 and type 2 diabetes, emergency tx of ketoacidosis
Side effects: pain and swelling at injection site, hypoglycemia
Glucophage
Biguanides
metformin
Classification: antidiabetic drug
Action: decreases hepatic production of glucose, decreases insulin resistance
Side effects : DO NOT cause hypoglycemia (because they do not mess with insulin) , mostly GI, anorexia, nausea, bloating and diarrhea
Actos
Thiazolidinediones
Classification : antidiabetic agent
Action: decrease hepatic production of glucose, decreases insulin resistance
Side effects: DO NOT cause hypoglycemia, cause fluid retention, headaches, weight gain, exacerbation of heart failure o
Januvia
DPP-4 Inhibitor (Incretin Enhancers)
Classification: antidiabetic agent
Action: inhibits breakdown of “incretins”
Side effects: N/V/D, flu like Sx, upper respiratory infection, back pain
Use with caution: severe renal disease
Byetta
GLP- agonists (Incretin Enhancers)
Classification : antidiabetic agents
Action: acts like an Incretin, signals pancreas to release more insulin, signals liver to decrease glucose production
Side effects: significant nausea, vomiting and diarrhea in some clients
Contraindications: severe GI disease, gastoparesis
Glucagon
Classification: Glucagon elevators
Action: increase blood sugar levels, many times in emergency situations
Glucagon is a natural hormone it can be given orally or IV when rapid response to hypoglycemia is needed
