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Biology > Test 2 > Flashcards

Test 2 Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What domains are prokaryote cells classified in?

A

Bacteria and archea

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2
Q

Are prokaryotes smaller or larger than eukaryote cells?

A

Smaller

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3
Q

Prokaryote cell’s size allows them to what?

A

Reproduce very quickly and effectively

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4
Q

The region in a prokaryote cell where the genetic material is located

A

Nucleoid

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5
Q

Compartments that are specialized for specific cellular functions

A

Organelles

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6
Q

Encloses the cytoplasm; regulates interactions with the external environment

A

Plasma membrane

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7
Q

Nucleus

A

Contains the genetic material (DNA); nucleolus is the site of ribosome formation

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8
Q

Location where polypeptides and proteins are formed

A

Ribosomes

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9
Q

Small sacs that move materials between organelles in the endomembrane system

A

Vesicles

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10
Q

Component of the endomembrane System that has ribosomes attached; synthesizes proteins

A

Rough ER

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11
Q

Endomembrane system organelle where lipids and some carbohydrates are synthesized; detoxifies some chemicals

A

Smooth RE

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12
Q

Processing and packaging center

A

Golgi apparatus

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13
Q

Vesicle that contains enzymes that break down incoming molecules and cellular components

A

Lysosome

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14
Q

Site of photosynthesis and carbohydrate formation

A

Chloroplast

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15
Q

Site of cellular respiration and ATP synthesis

A

Mitochondrion

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16
Q

Layer of cellulose that supports cells

A

Cell wall

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17
Q

Internal framework of protein fibers: moves organelles and maintains cell shape

A

Cytoskeleton

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18
Q

Involved in moving the cell or moving materials along the surface of the cell

A

Flagella and cilia

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19
Q

Name the types of junctions?

A

Adhesion junctions, tight junctions, gap junctions and plasmodesmata

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20
Q

Junctions that hold cells together

A

Adhesion junctions and tight junctions

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21
Q

A junction that allows the passage of small molecules between cells

A

Gap junction

22
Q

Small membrane-lined channels that span the cell wall and contains strands of cytoplasm, which allows materials to pass from one cell to another

A

Plasmodesmata

23
Q

The capacity to do work

A

Energy

24
Q

What are the two basic forms of energy

A

Potential and kinetic

25
Q

Potential energy

A

Stored energy

26
Q

Kinetic energy

A

Energy of motion

27
Q

The relative amount of disorganization

A

Entropy

28
Q

The energy currency of cells

A

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

29
Q

Protein molecules that function as organic catalysts to speed up chemical reactions

A

Enzymes

30
Q

The reactant molecules that the enzyme acts on

A

Substrates

31
Q

The energy needed to cause molecules to react to one another

A

Energy of activation

32
Q

The three ways substances can enter a cell

A

Passive transport, active transport and bulk transport

33
Q

A form of passive transport in which molecules move down their concentration gradient until equilibrium is achieved

A

Diffusion

34
Q

Occurs when an ion or molecule diffuses across a membrane with assistance of a channel protein or carrier protein

A

Facilitated diffusion

35
Q

The diffusion of water across a semipermeable membrane from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration

A

Osmosis

36
Q

Transporta macromolecules out of a cell via vesicle formation and often results in secretion

A

Exocytosis

37
Q

Transports macromolecules into a cell via vesicle formation

A

Endocytosis

38
Q

Makes use of receptor proteins in the plasma membrane

A

Receptor-mediated endocytosis

39
Q

Photosynthesis

A

A process in which water is oxidized and carbon dioxide is reduced using solar energy

40
Q

The combination of a reduction and a oxidation

A

Redox reaction

41
Q

What are the four phases of complete glucose breakdown

A

Glycolysis, preparatory reaction, citric acid cycle ,then electron transport chain

42
Q

What are the two types of fermentation

A

Lactic acid and alcohol

43
Q

Where does glycolysis occur?

A

Cytoplasm

44
Q

What is gained in glycolysis?

A

2 ATP and NADH

45
Q

Where does the preparatory reaction take place?

A

Matrix of the mitochondria

46
Q

What is gained in the preparatory reaction?

A

CO2 and NADH

47
Q

Where does the citric acid cycle take place?

A

The matrix of the mitochondria

48
Q

What is gained in the citric acid cycle?

A

NADH, FADH2, CO2, and 2 ATP

49
Q

Where does the electron transport chain occur?

A

In the cristae of the mitochondria

50
Q

What is gained from the electron transport chain?

A

34 ATP and H2O

Biology (7 decks)

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