Chapter 3: The Organic Molecules Of Life

Question 1

chemistry can be divided into what two major categories

Answer 1

Organic chemistry and inorganic chemistry

Question 2

Organic chemistry

Answer 2

Organic chemistry is the study of organic molecules

Question 3

What does a organic molecule contain

Answer 3

An organic molecule contains atoms of carbon and hydrogen

Question 4

Hydrocarbons

Answer 4

Chains of carbon Atoms bound only two hydrogen atoms

Question 5

Isomers

Answer 5

Molecules with different structures but the same combinations of atoms

Question 6

Carbon skeleton

Answer 6

The carbon chain of an organic molecule

Question 7

Functional group

Answer 7

A specific combination of bonded atoms that always reacts the same way

Question 8

Biological molecules are grouped into four categories

Answer 8

Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids

Question 9

Monomers

Answer 9

The building blocks of biological molecules

Question 10

Polymer

Answer 10

Multiple monomers joined together

Question 11

Dehydration synthesis reaction

Answer 11

The most common type of chemical reaction that is used to build a polymer from a group of monomers

Question 12

Hydrolysis reaction

Answer 12

Water is used to break the bond holding monomers together

Question 13

Carbohydrates

Answer 13

A single sugar molecule; Two bonded sugar molecules; Many sugar molecules bonded together

Question 14

Monosaccharide

Answer 14

A single sugar molecule

Question 15

Disaccharide

Answer 15

Two bonded sugar molecules

Question 16

Polysaccharide

Answer 16

Many sugar molecules bonded together

Question 17

Lipids

Answer 17

Molecules that are hydrophobic and insoluble in water

Question 18

Unsaturated fatty acids

Answer 18

Fatty acids that have double bonds in the carbon chain whenever the number of hydrogens is less than two per carbon atom

Question 19

Saturated fatty acids

Answer 19

Fatty acids that have no double bonds between the carbon atoms

Question 20

Trans fats

Answer 20

Unsaturated fat

Question 21

Phospholipids

Answer 21

Form the bulk of the plasma membrane in one end of the molecule is water soluble

Question 22

Steroids

Answer 22

Lipids that possess a unique carbon skeleton made of four fused rings

Question 23

Cholesterol

Answer 23

A component of an animal cell’s Plasma membrane and it is the precursor of other steroids

Question 24

Proteins

Answer 24

polymers that are composed of amino acid monomers

Question 25

Peptide

Answer 25

Two or more amino acids covalently linked

Question 26

Peptide bond

Answer 26

Formed by dehydration reaction between two amino acids monomers

Question 27

Polypeptide

Answer 27

A chain of many amino acids joined by peptide bonds

Question 28

Name the levels of structure for proteins

Answer 28

Primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary

Question 29

Primary structure

Answer 29

A protein’s sequence of amino acids

Question 30

Secondary structure

Answer 30

This structure of a protein results when proteins of the amino acid chain take on a certain orientation in space

Question 31

Tertiary structure

Answer 31

Overall three-dimensional shape of interacting secondary structures

Question 32

Quaternary structure

Answer 32

Three-dimensional shape

Question 33

Denatured

Answer 33

Broken down and inactivated

Question 34

Name two nucleic acids found in cells

Answer 34

DNA and RNA

Question 35

What do Carbon chains vary in?

Answer 35

Number of double bonds

Question 36

A triglyceride contains what?

Answer 36

Glycerol and three fatty acids

Question 37

Variations in three-dimensional shapes among proteins are due to bonding between the...

Answer 37

R groups

Question 38

Cellulose

Answer 38

The polysaccharide found in plant cell walls