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Biology > Chapter 11: DNA Biology > Flashcards

Chapter 11: DNA Biology Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

DNA is a polymer in which four nucleotides differ in their bases. The bases are…

A

Adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine

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2
Q

What is the shape of DNA?

A

Double helix

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3
Q

What is the complementary base pairing rule?

A

A with T and G with C

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4
Q

In DNA, what is between the bases that holds the halves of the helix together?

A

Hydrogen bonding

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5
Q

The process of making an identical copy of a DNA molecule

A

DNA replication

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6
Q

In DNA, what breaks the hydrogen bonds between the nucleotides and then unwinds the cell structure

A

Helicase

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7
Q

Synthesizes the new DNA strand

A

DNA polymerase

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8
Q

Repairs breaks in the sugar-phosphate backbone of the DNA strand

A

DNA ligase

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9
Q

Each new DNA molecule is made of one parent strand and one new strand

A

Semiconservative

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10
Q

Made up of nucleotides containing the sugar ribose

A

RNA

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11
Q

The four nucleotides that make up an RNA molecule have what bases?

A

Adenine, uracil, cytosine, and guanine

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12
Q

What are the three major types of RNA?

A

Messenger RNA, Transfer RNA, and Ribosomal RNA

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13
Q

Where is mRNA produced?

A

It’s produced in the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell as well as in the nucleoid region of a prokaryotic cell.

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14
Q

Where is tRNA produced?

A

In the nucleus of eukaryotes

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15
Q

Where is rRNA produced?

A

In the nucleolus of the nucleus

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16
Q

Carries the DNA message to the ribosomes

A

mRNA

17
Q

Transfers amino acids to the ribosomes

A

tRNA

18
Q

Found in the ribosomes and joins with proteins made in the cytoplasm to form the subunits of ribosomes

A

rRNA

19
Q

Name some similarities of DNA and RNA

A

Both are nucleic acids; composed of nucleotides; have a sugar-phosphate backbone; and have four different types of bases

20
Q

Where is DNA found?

A

In the nucleus

21
Q

Where is RNA found?

A

In the nucleus and cytoplasm

22
Q

Where does transcription take place in eukaryotes

A

Nucleus

23
Q

Where does translation take place in eukaryotes

A

Cytoplasm

24
Q

Central dogma

A

DNA -> (transcription) RNA -> (translation) Proteins

25
Q

A three letter unit of an mRNA molecule

A

Codon

26
Q

A region of DNA with a special nucleotides sequence

A

Promoter

27
Q

A complementary copy of the sequence of bases in the template DNA strand

A

mRNA transcript

28
Q

A group of three bases that is complementary to a specific codon of mRNA

A

Anticodon

29
Q

Ribosomes are composed of what?

A

Protein and rRNA

30
Q

Ribosomes binds what together

A

mRNA and two tRNA molecules

31
Q

Three phases of translation

A

Initiation, an elongation cycle, and termination

32
Q

What is required for for the three phases of translation to occur

A

Enzymes

33
Q

What is required for the first two steps of translation to occur

A

Energy

34
Q

The step in translation that brings all of the translation components together

A

Initiation

35
Q

The step in translation in which the polypeptide chain increases in length one amino acid at a time

A

Elongation cycle

36
Q

Occurs when a stop codon appears at the A site. Then the polypeptide and the assembled components that carried out photo

A

Termination

Biology (7 decks)

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