Chapter 11: DNA Biology Flashcards
DNA is a polymer in which four nucleotides differ in their bases. The bases are…
Adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine
What is the shape of DNA?
Double helix
What is the complementary base pairing rule?
A with T and G with C
In DNA, what is between the bases that holds the halves of the helix together?
Hydrogen bonding
The process of making an identical copy of a DNA molecule
DNA replication
In DNA, what breaks the hydrogen bonds between the nucleotides and then unwinds the cell structure
Helicase
Synthesizes the new DNA strand
DNA polymerase
Repairs breaks in the sugar-phosphate backbone of the DNA strand
DNA ligase
Each new DNA molecule is made of one parent strand and one new strand
Semiconservative
Made up of nucleotides containing the sugar ribose
RNA
The four nucleotides that make up an RNA molecule have what bases?
Adenine, uracil, cytosine, and guanine
What are the three major types of RNA?
Messenger RNA, Transfer RNA, and Ribosomal RNA
Where is mRNA produced?
It’s produced in the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell as well as in the nucleoid region of a prokaryotic cell.
Where is tRNA produced?
In the nucleus of eukaryotes
Where is rRNA produced?
In the nucleolus of the nucleus
Carries the DNA message to the ribosomes
mRNA
Transfers amino acids to the ribosomes
tRNA
Found in the ribosomes and joins with proteins made in the cytoplasm to form the subunits of ribosomes
rRNA
Name some similarities of DNA and RNA
Both are nucleic acids; composed of nucleotides; have a sugar-phosphate backbone; and have four different types of bases
Where is DNA found?
In the nucleus
Where is RNA found?
In the nucleus and cytoplasm
Where does transcription take place in eukaryotes
Nucleus
Where does translation take place in eukaryotes
Cytoplasm
Central dogma
DNA -> (transcription) RNA -> (translation) Proteins
