Test #2: 9 Flashcards
What does Bonilla critic about Marxist views?
- marxism views racism as ideological tool used to divide working class
- reductionist view, racism is seen as a function of capital reproduction
What does Bonilla critic about psychological views on racism?
- says people see racism as irrational psychological beliefs
- a holdover from older times
- says this is reductionist, not looking at society just individuals
What does the Professor critic about the persistence of racial inequality?
- because class has more to do with inequality then race
- but he replies, why are we ignoring that Black people are mainly in lower classes
What alternative to marxism does Bonilla create?
-Racialized social systems
What are radicalized social systems?
-societies in which economic, political, social and ideological levels are partially structured by the placement of actors in racial categories
What do systems of racial categorization always involve?
- some form of hierarchy that produces definite social relations between races
- rewards those considered ‘white’
What is a consequence of racialized social systems?
- they result in different groups developing dissimilar objective interests
- racially motivated behaviour is regarded as rational
Is racism rational or irrational according to Bonilla?
-irrational
Racialized systems are the product of what?
-historically situated processes of racialization
Define racialization
-people believe race is a biological fact
What does racism provide?
- the rules for perceiving and dealing with the other in a racialized society
- similar to West and Zimmermann
What is a main way inequality becomes structured in a society?
-spatial segregation
What is spatial segregation?
- when societies divide themselves up geographically
- such that people in different ethnic groups occupy different geographical locations
How was spatial segregation enforced?
- overt rules prevented racialized minorities from moving into white neighbourhoods in the 1950s
- followed by covert rules
Are neighbourhood inequalities stable or unstable?
-very stable, reproduced over generations
In Wacquant’s article, what different types of socio-spatial seclusions did they discuss?
-ghettos, ethnic clusters and gated communities
What are ghettos?
- impoverished places in society where people are forced to stay
- walls
What are ethnic clusters?
- people choose to live in certain ethnic neighbourhoods
- Italian neighbourhood, Chinese, etc.
- bridges
What are gated communities?
-walls to keep others out
What is the traditional ghetto vs. the hyperghetto?
- traditional ghetto’s have economic integration but not social integration (i think)
- hyperghetto’s are like a prison, no social or economic integration
What did Wacquant says spatial seclusion was driven by and what made it worse?
- driven by primarily class or race
- and worsened by the lack of the welfare state
What did Anderson say in his article?
- even when Black Americans achieve socio-economic mobility
- they are seen by others as being out of place
What does gender as a social structure focus specifically on?
-microlevel interactions
What question does Risman ask in her article?
- Why does sexism still persist?
- the stalled fight on gender equality
