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adult health > TEST 2 > Flashcards

TEST 2 Flashcards

1
Q

digestion begins

A

MOUTH

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2
Q

stores food mixes it with gastric secretions empties into…

A

stomach; small intestine

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3
Q

digestion and absorption of nutrients

A

small intestine

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4
Q

absorption of water and electrolytes, forms feces

A

large intestine

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5
Q

what all is included in the biliary tract

A

gallbladder, liver, bile, bilirubin

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6
Q

what is the liver connected to

A

gallbladder and the pancreas; ex. if you have a gallbladder issue you could have a liver and pancreas issue too

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7
Q

aids in the digestion of fats

A

bile

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8
Q

Pigment derived from the breakdown of hemoglobin-yellow color

A

bilirubin

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9
Q

creates, transports, stores, and releases bile into the duodenum to help in digestion

A

biliary tract

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10
Q

dry mouth

A

Xerostomia

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11
Q

decreased appetite in the elderly is due to

A

medications, lose sense of smell..physiological and socioeconomic

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12
Q

assessment of the gi system most people come in complaining of

A

abdominal pain

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13
Q

why is it important to ask about past surgeries

A

because if that person had surgery on their appendix then the appendix cant be causing them pain because they dont have one

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14
Q

antibiotics most likely lead to

A

diarrhea

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15
Q

what meds to ask if a patient is on with abdominal pain

A

antibiotics, NSAIDs, opioids, taken anything for constipation or diarrhea

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16
Q

asking for abdominal pain

A

have any nausea, vomiting, constipation, or diarrhea?

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17
Q

PQRST

A

Provoking or precipitating or pattern- what were you doing when the pain started
Quality
Radiating/relieving factors- is it better when you lay on your side?
Severity- scale of 0-10 rate it
Timing- when did it start? How long have you had this pain?

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18
Q

looking at the biliary tract with

A

Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP)

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19
Q

what is normal after an scopy procedure

A

white stools are the procedure is normal finding. diarrhea and constipation are not!! (barium turns it white)

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20
Q

WBC, RBC, infection, anemia, etc

A

CBC

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21
Q

BMP

A

basic metabolic panel

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22
Q

what does BMP tell us

A

creatinine
BUN
electrolytes

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23
Q

pancreatic enzymes to know

A

amylase and lipase

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24
Q

albumin

A

protein- good estimate of nutritional status

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25
Q

bilirubin

A

tells us how the liver is functioning

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26
Q

ammonia levels

A

tells us if the liver is impaired this level will be high

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27
Q

LDL and HDL tells us

A

good and bad cholesterol; lipoproteins (low and high)

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28
Q

specific liver function tests

A

(ALT, AST, GGT, ALP)

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29
Q

cbc, bmp, cholesterol, ldl, hdl

A

know ranges

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30
Q

pt

A

11-16 seconds

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31
Q

total cholesterol

A

less than 200

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32
Q

platelets

A

150-400,000

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33
Q

wbc

A

4-12,000

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34
Q

hemoglobin male

A

13-18

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35
Q

hemoglobin female

A

12-16

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36
Q

hematocrit male

A

37-49

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37
Q

hematocrit female

A

36-46

38
Q

found in plant based products-nuts, seeds and vegetable oils

A

unsaturated fats

39
Q

what can unsaturated fats do

A

can decrease serum cholesterol levels

40
Q

meats, seafood, skinned chicken, whole dilk dairy products

A

saturated fats

41
Q

what can saturated fats do

A

increase the risk of cardiovascular disease

42
Q

made by hydrogenation-heating liquid vegetable oil –fried foods

A

trans fat

43
Q

what does total cholesterol levels include

A

triglycerides, LDL, HDL

44
Q

optimal level of ldl

A

less than 100

45
Q

optimal level of hdl

A

greater than 40

46
Q

overtime what can high levels of ldl cause

A

atherosclerosis

47
Q

optimal level of triglycerides

A

less than 150

48
Q

Abnormal lipoprotein metabolism

A

dyslipidemia

49
Q

medications for dyslipidemia

A

statins

50
Q

side effects of statins

A

Muscle pain
Risk of myopathy
Liver toxicity

51
Q

how to diagnose someone with malnutrition- what lab

A

serum albumin

52
Q

diet that promotes healing

A

high calorie, high protein food

53
Q

parenteral nutrition is given how

A

bloodstream; usually through a central line with the GI track is not good

54
Q

normal bmi

A

18.5-24.9

55
Q

overweight

A

25-29.9

56
Q

obese

A

greater than 30

57
Q

Android fat distributed over abdomen and upper body (neck, arms, shoulders)

A

apple shaped

58
Q

Fat located primarily in upper legs

Muscular mass is less developed.

A

gynoid

59
Q

complication of bariatric surgery

A

dumping syndrome - gastric contents empty too fast into small intestine

60
Q

metabolic syndrome 5 risk factors

A 
hypertension
triglycerides
abdominal obesity 
hdl cholesterol 
impaired fasting glucose
61
Q

block neurochemicals that appear to trigger nausea and vomiting

A

Antiemetics

62
Q

progressive hypovolemia

A

bp starts to drop

63
Q

black tarry stools-longer the passage of blood through the intestines the darker the stool color

A

Melena

64
Q

Herniation of a portion of the stomach into the esophagus through an opening or (Hiatus) in the diaphragm

A

hiatal hernia

65
Q

hiatal hernia occurs

A

at night if meal is eaten then a person lies flat

66
Q

chronic diarrhea lasts

A

at least 4 weeks

67
Q

what treatment for diarrhea is contraindicated

A

antidiarrheal agents with infectious organisms

68
Q

treatment for c diff

A

vancomycin and flagyl

69
Q

risk factor for appendicitis

A

Diet low in fiber and high in refined sugars and carbs

70
Q

sign of appendicitis

A

rovsings sign

71
Q

what sign will you see in patients with peritonitis

A

guarding, rigid abdomen

72
Q

rbc

A

3.5-5.5

73
Q

ptt

A

21-35 seconds

74
Q

creatinine

A

0.5-1.2

75
Q

chloride

A

96-106

76
Q

BUN

A

6-20 if its high you’re dehydrated

77
Q

patients with liver issues what is one lab value you’re going to test them for

A

albumin 3-5

78
Q

bilirubin

A

0.1-1.2

79
Q

hepatic encephalopathy is treated with what med

A

lactulose

80
Q

total cholesterol is

A

less than 200

81
Q

patient who is NPO but is now progressing onto foods how do you give it to them

A

start with clear liquid diet, then give them high card food; avoid FATTY foods

82
Q

med list

A

2:08

83
Q

fullament hepatitis

A

hepatic encelopathy ; most severe hep

84
Q

function of the liver

A

Carbohydrate metabolism glycogenesis, glycogenolysis
Protein metabolism-synthesis of nonessential
amino acids, clotting factors, urea formation
Fat metabolism-synthesis of lipoproteins, synthesis of fatty acids, breakdown of cholesterol
Detoxification drugs/harmful substances
Steroid metabolism
Bile production and excretion
Storage- glucose in form of glycogen, minerals, vitamins
Mononuclear phagocyte system break down of old RBC, WBC bacteria and other particles, breakdown of hemoglobin from old RBC’s to bilirubin

85
Q

cullens sign

A

pancreatitis; bruising around the belly button

86
Q

greys turner

A

pancreatitis; bruising on the side

87
Q

BRAT diet and what is it for

A

bananas, rice, apple sauce, and toast; used for patients with vomiting and diarrhea issues

88
Q

what meds do we avoid with gerd

A

anticholingerics; decreases gastric emptying

89
Q

What are some drugs we may give to GERD patients?

A

Cimetidine, Zantac, Pepcid, Prilosec, Nexium, Prevacid

90
Q

what kind of meds reduce HCl secretion?

A

cimetidine, zantac, and pepcid

91
Q

what kind of meds reduce gastric acid secretions and promote ulcer healing?

A

PPI

92
Q

refeeding syndrome

A

hypophosphatemia

adult health (10 decks)

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