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adult health > exam 3 endocrine > Flashcards

exam 3 endocrine Flashcards

1
Q

thyroid produces and secretes

A

T4, T3 and calcitonin

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2
Q

necessary for the synthesis thyroid hormones

A

iodine

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3
Q

most common form of hyperthyroidism

A

graves disease

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4
Q

causes of hyperthyroidism

A

excess iodine intake, thyroid cancer, pituitary tumors.

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5
Q

hyperthyroidism complication

A

thyroid storm

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6
Q

symptoms of thyroid storm

A

severe tachy, anxiety, HTN, hyperthermia, restlessness

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7
Q

tx for thyroid storm

A

fever reduction, fluid replacement, reduce circulating thyroid hormone levels

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8
Q

diagnostics for hyperthyroidism

A

low TSH, high T3 T4

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9
Q

metabolism and heart rate

A

t3 and t4

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10
Q

tx for hyperthyroidism

A

drugs: ptu, tapazole, betablocker, ssri, radioactive therapy, thyroidectomy

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11
Q

if payathyroid glands are removed what is the risk

A

tetany!! muscle spasms

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12
Q

post thyroid surgery mnemonic

A 
Bleeding; beware of thyroid storm 
Open airway
Whisper
Trach set 
Incision
Emergency
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13
Q

post thyroid surgery

A

avoid flexion of neck
monitor for signs of tetany
laryngeal nerve damage, STRIDOR

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14
Q

most common cause of hypothyroidism

A

iodine ; Hashimotos thyroiditis

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15
Q

meds for hypothyroid

A

lithium-blocks hormone production

amniodorone- contains iodine

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16
Q

s/s of hypothyroid

A 
weight gain
intolerance to cold 
constipation
bradycardia
anorexia
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17
Q

Extreme form of hypothyrodism

A

Myxedema

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18
Q

Subnormal temp, bradycardia, decreased LOC, Respiratory failure, hypotension,hyponatremia

A

myxedema

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19
Q

tx for myxedema

A

levothyroxine/synthroid given IV due to paralytic ileus

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20
Q

hypothyroid diagnostic

A

increase TSH decrease t3 t4

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21
Q

cushings and addisons are complications of what organ

A

adrenal glands

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22
Q

Results from excessive adrenocortical activity

A

cushings

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23
Q

what can cause cushing

A

chronic use of corticosteriods or tumors

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24
Q 
Truncal obesity
Moon facies 
Abdominal straie
Hirsutism in women
Amenorrhea
Edema, Poor wound healing, easy bruising
Acne (severe)
Hypertension
A

cushings

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25
Q

acth levels in cushings

A

elevated

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26
Q

lab findings – hyperglycemia, hypernatremia, hypokalemia, glycosuria, leukocytosis,

A

cushings

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27
Q

post op adrenalectomy

A

monitor bp, hr, rr

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28
Q

Adrenocortical insufficiency (hypofunction of the adrenal cortex)

A

addisons disease

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29
Q

acth addisons

A

low

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30
Q

which one is autoimmune addisons or cushings

A

addisons

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31
Q

progressive weakness, fatigue, weight loss, and anorexia, bronze pigmentation, dehydration,

A

addisons

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32
Q

NA and k in addisons

A

low Na high K

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33
Q

na and k in cushings

A

high Na low K

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34
Q

addison crisis

A 
Hypotension
Tachycardia
Dehydration
Fever, weakness
Confusion
Severe N/V/D
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35
Q

tx for addison crisis

A

fluids, monitor electrolytes, high dose of hydrocorticoid replacement

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36
Q

hyperkalemia, hypoglycemia, anemia, hyponatremia, hypochloremia

A

addisons

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37
Q

normal hemoglobin

A

12-18

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38
Q

mild anemia

A

10-14

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39
Q

moderate anemia

A

6-10

40
Q

severe anemia

A

less than 6

41
Q

represents the weight, color, and size of RBC

A

hemoglobin

42
Q

heme

A

iron

43
Q

globin

A

protein

44
Q

bleeding; dont have enough platelet plugs

A

thrombocytopenia

45
Q

low platelet count

A

less than 150,000

46
Q

what can cause thrombocytopenia

A

infecitons, ETOH, antibiotics, heparin, infection drug induced

47
Q

thrombocytopenia internal bleeding

A

check hr, bp, and blood in stool

48
Q

where does ITP happen

A

platelet destruction in the spleen

49
Q

Most common type of acquired thrombocytopenia

A

ITP

50
Q

itp acute

A

post viral infection

51
Q

itp chronic

A

Most common in females, essential thrombocytopenia, autoimmune

52
Q

ITP treatment

A

corticosteriods
splenectomy
platelet transfusion- rare and can cause more problems

53
Q

s/s decreased platelets

A

nose bleeding
Oral bleeding
Purpura
Petechia

54
Q

HITTS

A

allergic reaction to heparin
Platelets will get destroy- causes bleeding
Endothelial damage
Bleeding and clotting at the same time but clotting is WORSE

55
Q

what to do in HITTS

A

stop heparin call physician. state that they are allergic to anything with heparin from now on

56
Q

tx for HITTS

A

Lepirudin (Refludan)

57
Q

factor VIII deficiency

A

hemophilia a

58
Q

Christmas disease factor IX

A

hemophilia b

59
Q

deficiency of Von Willebrand’s coagulation protein

A

von willebrands

60
Q

s/s of hemophilia

A 
Hemarthrosis
neuro signs
GI bleed
epitaxis
persistent prolonged bleeding 
uncontrolled hemorrhage
61
Q

med tx for hemophilia

A

ddavp -vasopressin

62
Q

what kind of meds to avoid for person with hemophilia

A

NSAIDS or any other drugs that can affect bleeding

63
Q

play a key role in the front-line defense against invading pathogens

A

neutrophils

64
Q

what Is considered neutropenic

A

less than 1000 to 1500/ml

65
Q

what should people with neutropenia avoid

A

anything fresh, sushi, no well water because they can carry things that cause infection

66
Q

immunocompromised patients what needs to be reported

A

low grade temperature; SEPSIS- infection.

67
Q

neutropenic fever

A

100.4

68
Q

before giving blood what do you need

A

VITALS

69
Q

hyperkalemia, hypoglycemia, anemia, hyponatremia, hypochloremia

A

addisions

70
Q

what to do for a person with addisons

A

fluids, steriods, daily weights,

71
Q

symptoms of severe anemia

A

fainting, chest pain, angina, heart attack

72
Q

what to do for a patient post op surgery is having signs of hypocalcemia

A

calcium gluconate IV

73
Q

causes of thrombocytopenia

A

decreased platelet production- infection, ETOH abuse
increased platelet destruction- infection drug induced
abnormal platelet production-antibiotics, heparin

74
Q

corticosteriods affect

A

blood glucose levels

75
Q

adrenal hormones

A

sugar-glucocorticoids (cortisol)
salt-mineral corticoids (aldosterone)
sex- androgens

76
Q

BIGUANIDES

A

metformin; monitor creatinine

77
Q

Reduces rate of insulin production by the liver – improves glucose transport into the cells

A

BIGUANIDES

78
Q

Stimulates the release of insulin by the beta cells of the pancreas and causes tissues to take up and store glucose more readily

A

SULFONYLUREAS

79
Q

major side effect of SULFONYLUREAS

A

hypoglycemia

80
Q

Glucatrol (Glypizide)
Diabeta/Micronase/Glynase (Glyburide)
Tolinase (Tolazamide)
Amaryl (Glimepiride)

A

-ide

SULFONYLUREAS

81
Q

Lowers blood glucose by stimulating beta cells in pancreas to release insulin

A

meglitinide

82
Q

pt teaching for meglitinide

A

take 30 mins before each meal ; if skip meal do not take

83
Q

types of meglitinides

A

Repaglinide (Prandin) & Starlex

84
Q

causes of anemia

A 
bone marrow failure
lack rbc production 
nutrient deficiency 
rbc damage 
family history 
blood loss
85
Q

triangle for diabetes

A

exercise, diet, and medication

86
Q

all counter regulatory hormones

A

increase glucose

87
Q

most common complication of diabetes

A

hypoglycemia

88
Q

dka needs

A

Hydration
Insulin
Electrolyte replacement

89
Q

What level of blood glucose during DKA treatment do you switch from NS to D5 1/2 NS?

A

• Blood glucose of 250 mg/dL
• So that you can continue to give them insulin without worrying about hypoglycemia
o So you can continue treating the acidosis and anion gap, etc.

90
Q

high calcium levels

A

could indicate kidney stones

91
Q

what med do you administer first for thyroid storm

A

beta blocker

92
Q

rebound of too much insulin causing hypoglycemia in PM and hyperglycemia in the AM

A

som effect

93
Q

hyperglycemia often due to growth hormone

A

dawn

94
Q

what to do for pt with som and dawn

A

assess glucose at night because pt is often hypoglycemia and may need to eat a snack before bed

95
Q

levothyrox

A

take bp and apical pulse before giving med
increases metabolic rate ; before meals
it increases the workload of the heart

96
Q

adverse reactions

A

Anxiety, Insomnia, Tremors, Tachycardia, Palpitations, Angina, Dysrhythmias.

adult health (10 decks)

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