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test 1! Flashcards

1
Q

difference between rhonchi and rales

A

rhonchi is long pitched sounds, snoring or rattle like sounds.
rales are fine crackles/popping sound; similar to velcro being pulled apart

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2
Q

when would you here rhonchi sounds

A

(COPD), bronchiectasis, pneumonia, chronic bronchitis, or cystic fibrosis

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3
Q

Stridor, Grunting, Sub Q, Wheezing

A

Laryngeal-tracheal

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4
Q

what all does an ABG measure

A

oxygen status
acidity of the blood
HCO3 in arterial blood
acid-base balance

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5
Q

To detect early signs or symptoms of inadequate oxygenation, the nurse would examine the patient for

A

Apprehension and restlessness

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6
Q

blood studies

A

CBC, ABG

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7
Q

what is an assessment

A

anytime you’re getting new information or gathering information from a patient

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8
Q

monitors exhaled CO2

A

Capnography ; much better tool than pulse ox

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9
Q

says whether the RBC are saturated and how much

A

pulse ox

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10
Q

if someone has been exposed to carbon monoxide what is a useless tool at that point

A

pulse ox

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11
Q

most commonly performed radiological test

A

chest x ray

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12
Q

Provides anatomical location and appearance of the lungs

A

chest x ray

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13
Q

Direct Visualization of the larynx, trachea and bronchi with a fiberoptic bronchoscope

A

bronchoscopy

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14
Q

removal of fluid

A

centesis

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15
Q

Removal of fluid or air from the pleural space via a transthoracic aspiration

A

Thoracentesis

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16
Q

looks for mismatches between ventilation and perfusion

A

v and p scan ; usually done for pulmonary embolism

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17
Q

Used to evaluation lung function with spirometer

A

pulmonary function; used for obstructive pulmonary disease

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18
Q

what do you use the pulmonary function test for

A

COPD and asthma patients; not invasive!!

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19
Q

whats associated with a deviated septum

A

allergies

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20
Q

with CSF leaks what are we worried about

A

meningitis

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21
Q

what to do for a nasal fracture

A

maintain airway in upright position
give ice for swelling
no hot showers
give tyelnol but no NSAIDS! (can increase bleeding)

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22
Q

differences in nasal surgery

A

rhinoplasty- cosmetic surgery

Septoplasty- medical surgery

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23
Q

what to teach patient after having nose surgery

A

blowing nose, avoid pools, avoid strenuous activities

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24
Q

what are we worried about with epistaxis

A

observe for respiratory distress. posterior bleeds are hard to stop

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25
Q

what does sinusitis effect

A

maxillary and frontal sinuses

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26
Q

whats important nursing intervention for a person with sinusitis

A

keeping them hydrated because they are losing fluids through secretions

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27
Q

Can be viral, bacterial or fungal

A

pharyngitis

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28
Q

what do we worry about with pharyngitis

A

paratonsil or abscess

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29
Q

White, irregular patches suggest

A

fungal infection with Candida Albicans; yeast infection

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30
Q

what kind of organism is a yeast infection

A

opportunistic organism; meaning it doesn’t cause infection unless it has the opportunity to do so

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31
Q

what do we treat strep with

A

penicillin

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32
Q

what do we treat fungal pharyngitis with

A

nystatin

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33
Q

Complication of acute pharyngitis or acute tonsillitis

A

Peritonsilar Abscess

34
Q

influenza deaths occur in what age group

A

60 or older

35
Q

upper airway sound that means obstruction

A

stridor

36
Q

unconscious patient what do you do first

A

jaw thrust to open the airway and to stabilize the cervical spine

37
Q

risk factors for OSA

A

obesity, short and wide neck, and large uvuvla

38
Q

direct risk factors of having OSA

A

stroke, hypertension, heart failure,

39
Q

profusely sweating

A

DIAPHORESIS

40
Q

2 viral infections that are most overprescribed

A

acute bronchitis and sinusitis

41
Q

48-72 hours after intubation

A

ventilator associated pneumonia

42
Q

Within 48 hrs or longer after admission

A

hospital acquired

43
Q

Encompasses 3 forms (HAP, VAP, & HCAP)

A

medical care associated

44
Q

In hospital for 2 days/longer w/in 90 days, resided in long-term care facility, IV anti bx, chemo, or wound care w/in 30 days, attended hospital or dialysis clinica

A

health care associated

45
Q

an older adult who is newly confused, what should you think

A

infection first -UTI and/or pneumonia

46
Q

increased fremitus means

A

increased vibrations

47
Q

what is a test you can do on your patient with pneumonia while listening to lung sounds

A

egophony ; E sounds turn to A

48
Q

Most common bacterial infection WORLDWIDE

A

TB

49
Q

how is TB transmitted

A

airborne precautions- N95 mask

50
Q

when is a TB patient not considered contagious

A

when they’ve had 3 negative AFB smears

51
Q

whats the main sign of active TB

A

persistent cough, also night sweats, fever, chills

52
Q

what is the TB test

A

mantoux

53
Q

most common origin for a pulmonary embolism

A

DVT

54
Q

what is the priority for a person with a PE

A

put them on an anticoagulant- heparin/coumadin

55
Q

thrombolytics

A

they go in and break up clots; can cause bleeding

56
Q

ptt, inr, bnp labs

A

know values

57
Q

keeps clot from enlarging, prevents formation of new clots

A

heparin

58
Q

lab value to look for when taking heparin

A

ptt

59
Q

started on third day of heparin use

A

Coumadin

60
Q

lab value to look for when taking coumadin

A

inr

61
Q

if someone has heart failure what lab are you interested in

A

BNP

62
Q

normal inr

A

0.8-1.2

63
Q

therapeutic inr

A

2-3

64
Q

Which drug is INR used to determine dosing?

A

o Warfarin

o Ptt goes with heparin

65
Q

normal ptt

A

21-35

66
Q

antidote for heparin

A

protamine sulfate

67
Q

antidote for warfarin

A

vitamin k

68
Q

1 trigger for asthma

A

respiratory infections followed by allergies

69
Q

what is albuterol given for

A

patients with asthma; it dilates the bronchial tube so more air can move through

70
Q

asthma is

A

an unpredictable course

71
Q

what are people with asthma on a corticosteroid

A

because inflammation is one of their major problems; corticosteroid helps with inflammation; acute exasterbation

72
Q

how much volume of air a person is getting out

A

peak flow meter

73
Q

how much volume of air a person is keeping in

A

incentive spirometry

74
Q

what does a spacer for an inhaler do

A

it helps trap the medicine so if patient didn’t get all of it on the first puff they will on the second; every patient with an inhaler should be prescribed a spacer

75
Q

someone with an asthma attack, if not treated they can end up having

A

respiratory acidosis

76
Q

preventable and treatable disease but not reversible

A

copd

77
Q

largely reversible airflow limitation

A

asthma; if we dont treat patients appropriately then it can become irreversible

78
Q

cor pulmonale

A

right sided heart failure ; copd complication

79
Q

4 or more L of nasal can requires

A

humidifier

80
Q

upper air way can’t get air in

A

stridor

81
Q

is lower respiratory can’t get air out

A

wheezing; asthma and copd

adult health (10 decks)

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