Test 2 Flashcards
Basso continuo
porposeful chord structure, requires 2 instrumentalists, organ and cello or basson
Monody
solo singer with accompaniment
Recitative
communicates the plot, heightened speach
aria
expresses the character’s emotions, passionate, tuneful
Orfeo (Monterardi)
The first important opera, uses recitative and aria
chamber music vs orchestral music
small chamber, large orchestra
baroque orchestra
violin family, no more renesance instruments,
baroque “concertino”
soloists in boraque orchestra
baroque “tutti”
orchestra in the orchestra
Antonio Vivaldi
baroque composer and violinist, made orphanage famous through orchestra
concerto grosso
two or more people
Counterpoint
multiple independent melodic lines
Jahaan Bach
famous for cantatas
fugue
low note sustained under different harmonies
Georg Handel
famous for his oratorios “messiah”
significance of classical era
age of elightenment, industrial revolution
composers in classical era
Haydn, Mozart, Beethoven
galante
emphasized graceful melody
animated homophony
to make one instrument stand out
periodic phrasing
melodies structured like a question and answer
Mozart
had lots of operas and sonatas, compositions display diversity and expression
sonata
structured in 3 parts that work with the tonic
Haydn
“father of the symphony”, conducted Prince E’s personal orchestra
subject (fugue)
primary musical idea
exposition (fugue)
opening section of fugue
episode (fugue)
free section
pedal point (fugue)
low note sustained under several different harmonies
Mozart’s Don Giovanni
Mix of opera seria and opera buffa
Haydn’s string quartet
based on a hymn written by Haydn, anthem of Austria and now Germany, Single theme repeated in various ways
Beethoven’s symphony #5 C major
Four note motive
Difference between Romantic and Classical
Romantic more chill than classical
Art Song
composition for solo voice and piano accompaniment
strophic
same music for each stanza of the poem
modified strophic
alters the music at the some point
through composed
each stanza set to new music
Franz Schubert
composed Erlok Lied, composed more than 600 lieder
Clara Wieck Schumann
Piano prodigy, composed “If you loved for beauty”
Frederic Chopin
piano music based on polish folk dances, taught and published in paris
Franz Liszt
flamboyant personality, established the modern piano recital
Absolute music
Pure music without external reference
programmatic music
depicts events and emotions external to the music
Hector Berlioz
first composer to earn a livelihood as a music critic, obsessive and stuck in his ways, symphonic fantastique
Johannes Brahms
absolute music, proclaimed a “musical messiah”
absolute music
followed format of classical symphony, longer movements
Realistic Opera
Vulgar with aesthetic value
Social realism
characters from poorer social stratum (Bizet’s Carmen)
Richard Wagner (German Opera)
controversial, wrote musical dramas
Leitmotif (leading motive)
brief unit of music that represents a character, object, or idea
Multiple leitmotifs can happen at the same time
Atonality
music with no tonal center (Schoenberg)
Serialism
Pitches arranged according to tone values to equalize all 12 pitches
Expressionism
expresses the dark side of the mind, life, and experiences (Germany)
Primitivism
quest to get back to the origins inspired by pre historic sources (Stravinsky)
Traditionalism
composers maintain strong ties to tonality/ audience friendly (Copeland)
Avant Garde ism
development of new music, ditching European methods of music making
John Cage
chance music, favored sounds not music
Minimalism
Uses tonal centers, but structured by cycles of repetition
