Test 2

Question 1

The moment of fertilization, when a sperm penetrates an ovum, forming a zygote

Answer 1

Conception

Question 2

The process in which a cell duplicates its chromosomes and then divides into two genetically identical daughter cells

Answer 2

Mitosis

Question 3

Deoxyribonucleic acid, the double helix molecule whose chemical code makes up chromosomes and serves as our genetic endowment; it is made up of sequences of the chemicals (adenine), C (cytosine), G (guanine), and T (thymine).

Answer 3

DNA

Question 4

Monozygotic twins who develop from a single zygote that later divides to form tow genetically identical individuals

Answer 4

Identical Twins

Question 5

Twins who are not identical and who result when a mother releases two ova at roughly the same time and each is fertilized by a different sperm.

Answer 5

Fraternal Twins

Question 6

The longer of the two sex chromosomes; normal female have two X chromosomes, whereas normal males have one.

Answer 6

X chromosome

Question 7

A chromosomal portrait created by straining chromosomes, photographing them under a high-power microscope, and arranging them into a predetermined pattern.

Answer 7

Karyotype

Question 8

The genetic endowment that an individual inherits. Contrast with phenotype

Answer 8

Genotype

Question 9

The way in which a person’s genotype is expressed in observable or measurable characteristics.

Answer 9

Phenotype

Question 10

A deficiency in the blood’s ability to clot. It is mote common among males than females because it is associated with a sex-linked gene on the X chromosome.

Answer 10

Hemophilia

Question 11

A change in the structure or arrangement of one to more genes that produces a new phenotype.

Answer 11

Mutation

Question 12

A sex chromosome abnormality in which males inherit two or more X chromosomes (XXY or XXXY); these males fail to develop secondary sex characteristics and often show deficiencies on tests of verbal abilities

Answer 12

Klinefelter syndrome

Question 13

A chromosome abnormally in which one arm if the X chromosome is only barley connected to the rest of the chromosome. The most common heredity cause of meant retardation.

Answer 13

Fragile X Syndrome

Question 14

A method of extracting amniotic fluid from a pregnant woman so that fetal body cells within the fluid from a pregnant woman so that fetal body cells within the fluid can be tested for chromosomal abnormalities and other genetic defects.

Answer 14

Amniocentesis

Question 15

Method of examining physical organs by scanning them with sound waves- for example, scanning the womb and therapy producing a visual outline of the fetus to detect gross abnormalities.

Answer 15

Ultrasound

Question 16

An alternative to amniocentesis in which a catheter is inserted through the cervix to withdraw fetal cells from the chorion for prenatal testing to detect genetic defects.

Answer 16

Chorionic Villa Sampling

Question 17

An organ, from from the chorion and the lining of the uterus, that provides for the nourishment of the unborn child and the elimination of its metabolic wastes.

Answer 17

Placenta

Question 18

Condition in which the bottom of the neural tube fails to fully close during prenatal development and part of the spinal cord is not fully encased in the protective covering of the spinal column.

Answer 18

Spina Bifida

Question 19

Condition in which the top of the neural tube fails to. close and the main portion of the brain above the brain stem fails to develop properly.

Answer 19

Anencephaly

Question 20

The third phase of prenatal development, lasting form the ninth prenatal week until birth; during this period, the major organs systems begin to function effectively and the fetus grows rapidly.

Answer 20

Fetal Period

Question 21

Any disease, drug, or other environmental agent that can harm a developing fetus.

Answer 21

Teratogen

Question 22

A mild tranquilizer that, taken early in pregnancy, can produce a variety of malformations of the limbs, eyes, ears, and heart.

Answer 22

Thalidomide

Question 23

A group of symptoms commonly observed in the offspring of mothers who use alcohol heavily during pregnancy, including a small head, widely spread eyes, and mental retardation.

Answer 23

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome

Question 24

The death of a sleeping baby because of a failure of the respiratory system; linked to maternal smoking.

Answer 24

Sudden Infant Death Syndrome

Question 25

A disease that has little effect on a pregnant woman but may cause several serious birth defects, such as blindness, deafness, and mental retardation, in unborn children exposed in the first 3 to 4 months of gestation; German measles

Answer 25

Rubella

Question 26

A metabolic disease characterized by high levels of glucose or sugar in the blood leading to symptoms of thirst, excessive urination, fatigue, and problems involving the eyes, kidneys, and other organs.

Answer 26

Diabetes

Question 27

Prepared childbirth in which parent attend classes and learn mental exercises and relaxation techniques to see delivery.

Answer 27

Lamaze Method

Question 28

An episode of severe, clinical depression lasting for months in a woman who has just given birth; to be contrasted with milder cases of the “baby blues,” in which a new mother is tearful and moody in the first days after birth.

Answer 28

Postpartum Depression

Question 29

A test routinely used to assess a newborn’s heart rate, respiration, color, muscle tone, and reflexes immediately after birth and 5 minutes later; used to identify high-risk babies.

Answer 29

Apgar Test

Question 30

A weight at birth of less than 2500 grams, or 5 1/2 pounds; associated with increased risk of developmental problems.

Answer 30

Low Birth Weight