Chapter 1 Flashcards
learn terms for test
systematic changes and continuities in the individual that occur between conception and death. involves: physical, cognitive, and psychosocial developments.
Human Development
involves systematic changes and continuities between conception and death. (Birth to death) chronological order.
Life Span Development
pg 29, has to do with time and amount; are changes in degree and indicate continuity
Quantitative Change
changes in kin that suggest discontinuity
Qualitative Change
the growth of the body and its organs, the functions of physiological systems, the appearance of physical signs of aging, the change in motor abilities, and so on.
Physical development
the changes and continuities in perception, language, learning, memory, problem solving, and the mental processes. thinking skills
cognitive development
the changes and carryover in personal and interpersonal aspects of development, such as motives, emotions, personality traits, interpersonal skills and relationships, and roles played in the family and in the larger society.
psychological development
the position people hold in society based on such factors as income, education, and occupation status and prestige of neighborhoods.
Socioeconomic status (SES)
children who have a higher than normal chance or either short-term or long-term problems because of genetic defects, prenatal hazards, or prenatal damage, hereditary or environmental, home abuse
Risk factors/At Risk
the sense of personal identification to certain values and cultural traditions
Ethnic group
a social system constructively people in a particular culture or society
Social Construction
ancestor to descendant through the genes
Heredity
events or conditions outside the person that are presumed to influence and be influenced by the individual
Environment
development changes that are biologically programmed by genes rather than caused primarily by learning, injury, illness, or some other life experience
Maturation
a family unit consisting of husband-father, wife-mother, and at least one child
Nuclear family
a family unit composed of parents and children living with other kin such as grandparents, aunts, uncles, cousins, or a combination of these.
Extended family
a system of meaning shared by a population of people transmitted from one generation to the next.
Culture
expected life events that occur at customary times.
Normative
life events that occur at unexpected times that are unusual (both have a major impact on development.)
Non-normative
a time of crisis or turning point in life
Critical Period
a relatively permanent change in behavior (or behavioral potential) that results from a person’s experience or practice.
Learning
the transitional period between childhood and adulthood that begins with puberty and ends when the individual has acquired adult competencies and responsibilities
Adolescence
the huge generation of people born between 1946 (the close of WWII) and 1964
Baby Boom Generation
the study of aging and old age.
Gerontology
the idea that the mind of an infant is a “blank slate” and that all knowledge, abilities, behaviors, and motives are acquired through experience.
Tabula Rasae
the theoretical perspective associated with Freud and his followers that emphasizes unconscious motivations for behavior, conflicts, within the personality, and stage of psychosexual development.
Psychoanalytic Theory
learning that results for observing the behavior of the people; emphasized in Bandura’s social cognitive theory.
Observational Learning
a cognitive developmental theory that lays out 4 universal, invariant stages in which children actively construct increasingly complex understandings by interacting with their environments. 4 stages: Sensorimotor, Pre-operational, Concrete operations, and Formal Operations
Piaget’s Theory
the process in operant conditioning whereby a response is strengthened when its consequence is a pleasant event.
Positive Reinforcement
the process in operant conditioning whereby in which a response is strengthened or Meade are probable when its consequence is the removal of an unpleasant stimulus from the situation.
Negative Reinforcement
