Chapters 5 & 6 Flashcards
Learn Terms
second stage in psychosocial development, in which children achieve a balance between self-determination and control by others.
Autonomy versus Shame and Doubt
Piaget’s term for reproduction of an observed behavior after the passage of time.
Deferred Imitation
Children with irritable temperament, irregular biological rhythms, and intense emotional responses.
Difficult Children
Children with a generally happy temperament, regular biological rhythms, and readiness to accept new experiences.
Easy Children
Appropriateness of environmental demands and constraints to a child’s temperament.
Goodness to Fit
Single word that conveys a complete thought
Holophrase
Unconscious recall, generally of habits and skills; sometimes called procedural memory.
Implicit Memory
Piaget’s term for the understanding that a person or object still exists when out of sight.
Object Permanence
Learning based on reinforcement or punishment
Operant Conditioning
Approach to the study of cognitive development that describes qualitative stages in cognitive functioning.
Piagetian Approach
Piaget’s terms organized patterns of behavior used in different situations.
Scheme
In Piaget’s theory, the first stage in cognitive development, during which infants learn through senses and motor activity.
Sensorimotor Stage
Condition involving excessive, prolonged anxiety concerning separation from home or form people to whom a child is attached.
Separation Anxiety Disorder
Children whose temperament s generally mild but who are hesitant about accepting new experiences.
Slow-to-warm Children
Piaget’s term for processes by which an infant learns to reproduce desired occurrences originally discovered by chance
Social Cognition
Short term storage of information being actively processed.
Working Memory
Erikson’s first stage in Psychosocial development, in which infants develop a sense of the reliability of people and objects.
Basic Trust versus Basic Mistrust
Approach to the study of cognitive development that is concerned with the basic mechanics of learning.
Behavioral Approach
Characteristics, disposition, or style of approaching and reacting to situations.
Circular Reaction
Learning based on association of a situation that does not ordinarily elicit a response with another stimulus that does elicit the response.
Classical Conditioning
Subjective reactions to experience that are associated with physiological and behavior changes.
Emotions
Ability to put oneself in another person’s place and feel what the other person feels.
Empathy
Intentional and conscious memory, generally of facts, names, and events.
Explicit Memory
Communication system based on words and grammar.
Language
In Chomsky’s terminology, an inborn mechanism that enables children to infer linguistic rules from the language they hear.
Language Acquisition Device
Verbal expression designed to convey meaning.
Linguistic Speech
Ability to read and write. in an adult, ability to use print and written information to function in society achieve goals, and develop knowledge and potential.
Literacy
Forerunner of linguistic speech; utterance of sounds that are not words. it includes crying, cooing, babbling and also accidental and deliberate imitation of sounds without understanding their meaning.
Prelinguistic Speech
Approach to the study of cognitive development that seeks to measure the quantity of intelligence a person possesses.
Psychometric Approach
Wariness of strange people and places, shown by some infants during the second half of the first year.
Stranger Anxiety
Rules for forming sentences in a particular language.
Syntax
Early form of sentence consisting of only a few essential words.
Telegraphic Speech
Ability to understand that other people have mental states and to gauge their feelings and intentions.
Temperament
