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A&P 2 > test 2 > Flashcards

test 2 Flashcards

1
Q

_______ = cardiac muscle, blood vessels, and nerves

A

Myocardium

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2
Q

______ is an internal layer of simple squamous cells that provide a smooth continuous surface. Also lines blood vessels and we call it endothelium.

A

Endocardium

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3
Q

_____ is the visceral pericardium (outermost layer of the heart)

A

Epicardium

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4
Q

_____ is another name for your organs

A

visceral

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5
Q

_____ is the portion of the membrane that touches the heart

A

Visceral pericardium (Epicardium)

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6
Q

innermost layer of the heart is ____

A

endocardium

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7
Q

The ____ cavity is located just behind the sternum and slightly to the left

A

pericardial

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8
Q

____ short branching vessel

A

trunk

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9
Q

pulmonary trunk goes to ____ artery

A

pulmonary

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10
Q

____ branches of the left ventricle

A

aorta

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11
Q

superior vena cava and inferior vena cava come together at the ____, where blood will enter.

A

atrium

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12
Q

The blood flowing through the heart does not supply the heart with _____ & _____.

A

oxygen, nutrients

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13
Q

supplying the tissue is the job of the ______, these vessels supply your heart tissue with oxygen and nutrients.

A

coronary arteries

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14
Q

______ arteries extend off the aorta

A

coronary

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15
Q

You have a ___ & a ____ coronary artery

A

left, right

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16
Q

_______ artery is the dividing line between the left and right ventricle

A

Anterior interventricular

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17
Q

the _____cardiac vein becomes the coronary sinus

A

great

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18
Q

blood comes through the coronary sinus by the _____ vein and goes into the right atrium.

A

great cardiac

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19
Q

____ means entry way

A

atria

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20
Q

_____ muscles stick out from the heart wall

A

papillary

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21
Q

Blood flows through the lungs because we need to pick up _____

A

oxygen

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22
Q

Blood will return to the heart through vessels called ____

A

pulmonary veins

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23
Q

left side is called the ____ circuit because it’s pumping blood systemically and back

A

systemic

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24
Q

right side is ___

A

pulmonary

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25
Q

____ requires a lot more pressure, which is why the left side of the heart is thicker

A

systemic

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26
Q

An ____ is any vessel that carries blood away from the heart

A

artery

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27
Q

A ____ is any vessel that carries blood towards the heart

A

vein

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28
Q

(1) Blood enters right atrium from superior and inferior _____

A

venae cava

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29
Q

(2) Blood in right atrium flows through right ____ valve into right ventricle

A

AV

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30
Q

(3) ____ of right ventricle forces pulmonary valve open

A

contraction

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31
Q

(4) Blood flows through ____ valve into pulmonary trunk

A

pulmonary

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32
Q

(5) Blood is distributed by right and left pulmonary arteries to the ____ where it unloads CO2 and loads 02

A

lungs

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33
Q

(6) Blood returns from lungs via ______ veins to left atrium

A

pulmonary

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34
Q

(7) Blood in left atrium flows through left ____ valve into left ventricle

A

AV

35
Q

(8) ______ of left ventricle forces aortic valve open

A

contraction

36
Q

(9) Blood flows through _____ valve into ascending aorta

A

aortic

37
Q

(10) Blood in ___ is distributed to every organ in the body, where it unloads 02 and loads CO2

A

aorta

38
Q

(11) Blood returns to heart via _____

A

venae cavae

39
Q

The heart is autorhythmic and conduction begins with the _____ of the SA node

A

depolarization

40
Q

____ potential travels from the SA node to the AV node

A

action

41
Q

The SA node is referred to as the _____ of the heart

A

pacemaker

42
Q

_____ means the depolarization of the atria in EKG

A

P wave

43
Q

_____ means ventricular depolarization. Also atrial repolarization. (in EKG)

A

QRS complex

44
Q

____ means repolarization of the ventricles in EKG

A

T wave

45
Q

tricuspid valve is located on the ___ side

A

right

46
Q

during systole ____ and _____ valves are open, the aorta and pulmonary valves are closed

A

tricuspid, bicuspid

47
Q

during ventricle diastole, the ventricles are ___ with blood

A

filling

48
Q

Atrial systole is _____ of the atria

A

contraction

49
Q

Cardiac output= ____ x ____

A

heart rate, stroke volume

50
Q

______ is the volume of blood per each contraction

A

stroke volume

51
Q

Stroke volume is ____ - ____

A

EDV, ESV

52
Q

End ____ volume is the amount of blood in each ventricle at the end of systole

A

Systolic

53
Q

End ____ volume is the amount of blood in each ventricle at the end of diastole

A

diastolic

54
Q

_____ increases resistence

A

turbulence

55
Q

Increased viscosity = increase _____

A

resistance

56
Q

In the capillary we exchange gases and nutrients for ____

A

waste products

57
Q

Blood has ____ & _____ & ____

A

blood cells, protein, plasma

58
Q

(1) liver makes a protein that it puts into circulation, known as ______, which is not active while circulating.

A

angiotensinogen

59
Q

(2) When BP drops, the ____ detects it and releases renin, which produces angiotensin 1

A

kidneys

60
Q

(3) The ____ convert angiotensin 1 using ACE which converts it to Angiotensin 2

A

lungs

61
Q

(4) ____ contols salivatory glands and it causes vasoconstriction and it also causes the release of aldosterone from the adrenal glands

A

hypothalamus

62
Q

(5) The ____ tell your kidney to conserve sodium, causing water to follow by osmosis, which will increase your volume, which therefore increasing your pressure

A

adrenal glands

63
Q

___ is secreted to help increase blood pressure

A

ADH

64
Q

____ is secreted to reduce blood pressure. It promotes the excretion of Na+ and therefore water in the kidney leading to a decrease in volume

A

ANP

65
Q

______ is from the heart to the lungs and back

A

pulmonary circuit

66
Q

______ is from your heart to your body and back

A

systemic circuit

67
Q

The walls of ____ are thicker, contain more muscle, and more elastic CT

A

arteries

68
Q

____ contain valves to present backflow, _____ do not

A

veins, arteries

69
Q

The thick walls of ____ help maintain a more circular shape as opposed to a flat distorted shape like ____

A

arteries, veins

70
Q

_____ are large veins

A

Venae Cavae

71
Q

______ are the smallest branches of arteries

A

arterioles

72
Q

______ are the smallest branches of veins

A

Venules

73
Q

The layers of your blood vessels are called ____

A

Tunics

74
Q

Tunica _____ is the innermost endothelial lining, & has some elastic CT

A

Intima

75
Q

Tunica ____ is the middle layer that consists of sheets of smooth muscle, some collagen for strength, and more elastic CT

A

media

76
Q

Tunica ____ is the outer layer, consists of more collagen and elastic CT. It binds vessels to adjacent tissues

A

externa

77
Q

____ is when the pressure in the vessels exceeds the capacity of the elastic tissue, a bulge develops

A

aneurysm

78
Q

______ is the joining of blood vessels

A

anastomosis

79
Q

______ is the formation of new blood vessels

A

Angiogenesis

80
Q

A single _____ produces dozen of capillaries

A

arteriole

81
Q

Blood flow to each capillary is regulated by a smooth muscle sphincter called a ____ sphincter

A

precapillary

82
Q

_____ sphincters contract and relax several times each minute regulating the flow of blood

A

precapillary

83
Q

The cycle of contraction and relaxation that changes blood flow through the capillary is called ______

A

vasomotion

A&P 2 (5 decks)

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