test 2 Flashcards
_______ = cardiac muscle, blood vessels, and nerves
Myocardium
______ is an internal layer of simple squamous cells that provide a smooth continuous surface. Also lines blood vessels and we call it endothelium.
Endocardium
_____ is the visceral pericardium (outermost layer of the heart)
Epicardium
_____ is another name for your organs
visceral
_____ is the portion of the membrane that touches the heart
Visceral pericardium (Epicardium)
innermost layer of the heart is ____
endocardium
The ____ cavity is located just behind the sternum and slightly to the left
pericardial
____ short branching vessel
trunk
pulmonary trunk goes to ____ artery
pulmonary
____ branches of the left ventricle
aorta
superior vena cava and inferior vena cava come together at the ____, where blood will enter.
atrium
The blood flowing through the heart does not supply the heart with _____ & _____.
oxygen, nutrients
supplying the tissue is the job of the ______, these vessels supply your heart tissue with oxygen and nutrients.
coronary arteries
______ arteries extend off the aorta
coronary
You have a ___ & a ____ coronary artery
left, right
_______ artery is the dividing line between the left and right ventricle
Anterior interventricular
the _____cardiac vein becomes the coronary sinus
great
blood comes through the coronary sinus by the _____ vein and goes into the right atrium.
great cardiac
____ means entry way
atria
_____ muscles stick out from the heart wall
papillary
Blood flows through the lungs because we need to pick up _____
oxygen
Blood will return to the heart through vessels called ____
pulmonary veins
left side is called the ____ circuit because it’s pumping blood systemically and back
systemic
right side is ___
pulmonary
____ requires a lot more pressure, which is why the left side of the heart is thicker
systemic
An ____ is any vessel that carries blood away from the heart
artery
A ____ is any vessel that carries blood towards the heart
vein
(1) Blood enters right atrium from superior and inferior _____
venae cava
(2) Blood in right atrium flows through right ____ valve into right ventricle
AV
(3) ____ of right ventricle forces pulmonary valve open
contraction
(4) Blood flows through ____ valve into pulmonary trunk
pulmonary
(5) Blood is distributed by right and left pulmonary arteries to the ____ where it unloads CO2 and loads 02
lungs
(6) Blood returns from lungs via ______ veins to left atrium
pulmonary
(7) Blood in left atrium flows through left ____ valve into left ventricle
AV
(8) ______ of left ventricle forces aortic valve open
contraction
(9) Blood flows through _____ valve into ascending aorta
aortic
(10) Blood in ___ is distributed to every organ in the body, where it unloads 02 and loads CO2
aorta
(11) Blood returns to heart via _____
venae cavae
The heart is autorhythmic and conduction begins with the _____ of the SA node
depolarization
____ potential travels from the SA node to the AV node
action
The SA node is referred to as the _____ of the heart
pacemaker
_____ means the depolarization of the atria in EKG
P wave
_____ means ventricular depolarization. Also atrial repolarization. (in EKG)
QRS complex
____ means repolarization of the ventricles in EKG
T wave
tricuspid valve is located on the ___ side
right
during systole ____ and _____ valves are open, the aorta and pulmonary valves are closed
tricuspid, bicuspid
during ventricle diastole, the ventricles are ___ with blood
filling
Atrial systole is _____ of the atria
contraction
Cardiac output= ____ x ____
heart rate, stroke volume
______ is the volume of blood per each contraction
stroke volume
Stroke volume is ____ - ____
EDV, ESV
End ____ volume is the amount of blood in each ventricle at the end of systole
Systolic
End ____ volume is the amount of blood in each ventricle at the end of diastole
diastolic
_____ increases resistence
turbulence
Increased viscosity = increase _____
resistance
In the capillary we exchange gases and nutrients for ____
waste products
Blood has ____ & _____ & ____
blood cells, protein, plasma
(1) liver makes a protein that it puts into circulation, known as ______, which is not active while circulating.
angiotensinogen
(2) When BP drops, the ____ detects it and releases renin, which produces angiotensin 1
kidneys
(3) The ____ convert angiotensin 1 using ACE which converts it to Angiotensin 2
lungs
(4) ____ contols salivatory glands and it causes vasoconstriction and it also causes the release of aldosterone from the adrenal glands
hypothalamus
(5) The ____ tell your kidney to conserve sodium, causing water to follow by osmosis, which will increase your volume, which therefore increasing your pressure
adrenal glands
___ is secreted to help increase blood pressure
ADH
____ is secreted to reduce blood pressure. It promotes the excretion of Na+ and therefore water in the kidney leading to a decrease in volume
ANP
______ is from the heart to the lungs and back
pulmonary circuit
______ is from your heart to your body and back
systemic circuit
The walls of ____ are thicker, contain more muscle, and more elastic CT
arteries
____ contain valves to present backflow, _____ do not
veins, arteries
The thick walls of ____ help maintain a more circular shape as opposed to a flat distorted shape like ____
arteries, veins
_____ are large veins
Venae Cavae
______ are the smallest branches of arteries
arterioles
______ are the smallest branches of veins
Venules
The layers of your blood vessels are called ____
Tunics
Tunica _____ is the innermost endothelial lining, & has some elastic CT
Intima
Tunica ____ is the middle layer that consists of sheets of smooth muscle, some collagen for strength, and more elastic CT
media
Tunica ____ is the outer layer, consists of more collagen and elastic CT. It binds vessels to adjacent tissues
externa
____ is when the pressure in the vessels exceeds the capacity of the elastic tissue, a bulge develops
aneurysm
______ is the joining of blood vessels
anastomosis
______ is the formation of new blood vessels
Angiogenesis
A single _____ produces dozen of capillaries
arteriole
Blood flow to each capillary is regulated by a smooth muscle sphincter called a ____ sphincter
precapillary
_____ sphincters contract and relax several times each minute regulating the flow of blood
precapillary
The cycle of contraction and relaxation that changes blood flow through the capillary is called ______
vasomotion
