Exam 5 Flashcards
The three major functions of the ____ are: Excretion, Elimination, and Homeostatic regulation of blood volume and solute
urinary system
___ is discharge of these products to the environment
Elimination
Organs of the ___ are: Kidney, Ureter, Urinary bladder, Urethra
Urinary system
It’s the job of the __ to excrete those extra hydrogen ions
kidney
Some of the extra heme is cleared by the ___ which gives urine it’s color
kidney
It’s the job of the ___ to get rid of excess fluid and maintain fluid to maintain blood pressure
kidney
___ is when you take something back out and put it into the body
reabsorbtion
____ stimulates red blood cell production in bone marrow. Is secreted by Kidney when oxygen levels are low
EPO
The ___ are considered retroperitoneal
kidneys
____ means behind the abdominal cavity
Retroperitoneal
The ___ is covered by the 11th and 12th rib (floating ribs)
kidney
The corpuscle, PCT, and DCT, are located in the ___
cortex
Hormones work in the ____
DCT
When it reaches your collecting duct in the nephron, it is ____
urine
The ___ portion of the loop in the nephron is permeable to ions (ex:sodium)
ascending
The ___ portion of the loop in the nephron is permeable to water
descending
The rate of ___ must be constant or death may result
filtration
Large proteins and cells are not ____
filtered
___ means towards
afferent
___ means away
efferent
___ is dilation and constriction of afferent and efferent arterioles by stretch receptors
Autoregulation
___ includes parasympathetic and sympathetic
Autonomic regulation
Drop in glomerular blood pressure results in the release of ___ from the JGC
renin
If you conserve sodium, water will follow by ___
osmosis
The three mechanisms to control ___ are: Autoregulation, Hormonal, and Autonomic regulation
GFR
___ hormone is released when calcium levels are too low
parathyroid
____ (a hormone) is released when calcium levels are too high
calcitonin
Reabsorption of Na+ and Cl- occur in the ___ as well as loss of K+, Aldosterone, ANP.
DCT
Ca+ regulation occurs in the ___ as well in the presence of PTH and Calcitriol
DCT
Secretion of H+ in exchange for Na+ occurs in the ___
DCT
____ are smooth muscle tubes extending from the kidney to the bladder. They enter the bladder through ureteral openings and have transitional epithelium lining
Ureters
The ____ is a hollow muscular organ that stores urine and is composed of transitional epithelium. It has two layers of smooth muscle called the detrusor muscle and also consists of the trigone
Urinary bladder
___ = ureteral openings and urethra
Trigone
The ____ reflex is a fancy term for urination
micturition
The steps of the ___ reflex are: Sensory fiber in pelvic nerve, parasympathetic preganglionic motor fiber in pelvic nerve, interneuron relays sensation to thalamus, postganglionic neuron in intramural ganglion stimulates detrusor muscle contraction, projection fibers from thalamus deliver sensation to cerebral cortex, voluntary relaxation of external urethral sphincter causes relaxation of internal urethral sphincter
micturition reflex
The ___ movement is sometimes called the three compartment model (?)
fluid
Respiratory ___ develops when the respiratory system cannot eliminate CO2
acidosis
Respiratory ___ is not as common but usually due to hyperventilation
alkalosis
Hydrogen ions and a solution make up an ___
acid
___ is responsible for excreting the extra hydrogen ions
urinary system
Metabolic ____ occurs primarily because of: Latic acidosis, Ketoacidosis
acidosis
Metabolic ___ is rare but can occur due to excessive vomiting
alkalosis
If kidneys are not functioning and you are become acidic, your respiratory system accommodates by ____
hyperventilating
For metabolic alkalosis, your body responds by excessive ___
vomiting
The ____ is an endocrine structure that secrete EPO and Renin
juxtaglomerular complex
