Test 2/4/14

Question 1

energy is the ability to do __________. It causes matter to MOVE or CHANGE.

Answer 1

work

Question 2

potential energy

Answer 2

stored energy (before energy is transferred)
EX. food, head of match

Question 3

kinetic energy

Answer 3

energy of motion

EX. rubbing hands together,heat, moving objects, light

Question 4

6 forms energy can take

Answer 4

chemical
electrical
light
mechanical
nuclear
thermal

Question 5

Law of Conservation of Energy states…

Answer 5

Energy cannot be created or destroyed. Energy is transformed into different forms

Question 6

. Give a few examples of energy transformations that are important in your life.

Answer 6

My food (chemical) energy is converted to kinetic energy.

Battery (chemical) energy to electrical energy that starts my car.

Question 7

How did fossil fuels form?

Answer 7

dead plants and animals. over time compacted into the ground (decayed)

Question 8

What two elements are fossil fuels made of? Give two examples of fossil fuels.

Answer 8

carbon and hydrogen
coal & oil
hydrocarbons

Question 9

What is the fuel that reacts with oxygen in a candle’s flame? What state of matter is it in when it reacts with oxygen?

Answer 9

candle wax ->fuel

state of matter ->gas

Question 10

What is the hottest part of a candle’s flame?

Answer 10

outer zone of candle flame (blue)

blue part of the flame is where the chemical reaction is happening

Question 11

Plants transform light energy from the Sun into chemical energy stored in glucose, a type of a sugar, in this process

Answer 11

photosinthesis

Question 12

Plants and animals transform chemical energy in food to useable energy for their cells in this process

Answer 12

cell respiration

Question 13

We describe the energy found in the chemicals within food using the unit

Answer 13

calories

Question 14

How could you measure the amount of energy that is stored in a type of food?

Answer 14

burned food (releases energy). energy absorbed by water. measure the temp of change in water.

Question 15

What materials do you need to make a battery?

Answer 15

1. two types of metal
2. an acid
3. electrolytes dissolved in a separating layer

Question 16

What type of energy transformation occurs in a battery?

Answer 16

chemical energy -> electrical energy

Question 17

What is electricity?

Answer 17

Electricity is the flow of electrons or electrons moving

Question 18

What is the difference between static electricity and current electricity?

Answer 18

Static electricity is a quick release of electricity.

Current electricity is a steady flow of electricity.

Question 19

What is a conductor and what is an insulator? Give an example of each.

Answer 19

Conductor- a material that allows electricity to flow through it (ex. metals)

Resistor- a material that electricity struggles to flow through

Insulator- a material that electricity does not flow through

Question 20

How does a traditional lightbulb produce light?

Answer 20

• send electricity into filament (resistor)
• filament heats up
• gives off light

Question 21

When the pendulum is pulled back, before release, what type of energy does it store?

Answer 21

potential energy

Question 22

When the pendulum is released, this store energy is converted to ____________

Answer 22

kinetic energy

Question 23

What variable affects the period of a pendulum?

Answer 23

the length of the string

Question 24

Another name for thermal energy is…?

Answer 24

heat

Question 25

What does an increase in thermal energy result in at the atomic level?

Answer 25

The atoms or molecules move more as energy is added.

Question 26

Why does a thermometer go up and down when it gains or loses thermal energy?

Answer 26

As the atoms or molecules move more they spread out.

Question 27

What part of the atom breaks apart or fuses with other atoms to release nuclear energy?

Answer 27

nucleus

Question 28

How does a fluorescent light bulb produce light?

Answer 28

A fluorescent lightbulb has mercury gas in it.

When electricity goes through the gas it causes the mercury atoms to get excited and give off light.