Test 2/4/14 Flashcards
energy is the ability to do __________. It causes matter to MOVE or CHANGE.
work
potential energy
stored energy (before energy is transferred) EX. food, head of match
kinetic energy
energy of motion
EX. rubbing hands together,heat, moving objects, light
6 forms energy can take
chemical electrical light mechanical nuclear thermal
Law of Conservation of Energy states…
Energy cannot be created or destroyed. Energy is transformed into different forms
. Give a few examples of energy transformations that are important in your life.
My food (chemical) energy is converted to kinetic energy.
Battery (chemical) energy to electrical energy that starts my car.
How did fossil fuels form?
dead plants and animals. over time compacted into the ground (decayed)
What two elements are fossil fuels made of? Give two examples of fossil fuels.
carbon and hydrogen
coal & oil
hydrocarbons
What is the fuel that reacts with oxygen in a candle’s flame? What state of matter is it in when it reacts with oxygen?
candle wax ->fuel
state of matter ->gas
What is the hottest part of a candle’s flame?
outer zone of candle flame (blue)
blue part of the flame is where the chemical reaction is happening
Plants transform light energy from the Sun into chemical energy stored in glucose, a type of a sugar, in this process
photosinthesis
Plants and animals transform chemical energy in food to useable energy for their cells in this process
cell respiration
We describe the energy found in the chemicals within food using the unit
calories
How could you measure the amount of energy that is stored in a type of food?
burned food (releases energy). energy absorbed by water. measure the temp of change in water.
What materials do you need to make a battery?
- two types of metal
- an acid
- electrolytes dissolved in a separating layer
What type of energy transformation occurs in a battery?
chemical energy -> electrical energy
What is electricity?
Electricity is the flow of electrons or electrons moving
What is the difference between static electricity and current electricity?
Static electricity is a quick release of electricity.
Current electricity is a steady flow of electricity.
What is a conductor and what is an insulator? Give an example of each.
Conductor- a material that allows electricity to flow through it (ex. metals)
Resistor- a material that electricity struggles to flow through
Insulator- a material that electricity does not flow through
How does a traditional lightbulb produce light?
- send electricity into filament (resistor)
- filament heats up
- gives off light
When the pendulum is pulled back, before release, what type of energy does it store?
potential energy
When the pendulum is released, this store energy is converted to ____________
kinetic energy
What variable affects the period of a pendulum?
the length of the string
Another name for thermal energy is…?
heat
What does an increase in thermal energy result in at the atomic level?
The atoms or molecules move more as energy is added.
Why does a thermometer go up and down when it gains or loses thermal energy?
As the atoms or molecules move more they spread out.
What part of the atom breaks apart or fuses with other atoms to release nuclear energy?
nucleus
How does a fluorescent light bulb produce light?
A fluorescent lightbulb has mercury gas in it.
When electricity goes through the gas it causes the mercury atoms to get excited and give off light.
