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Plant Pathology > Test 2 > Flashcards

Test 2 Flashcards

1
Q

4 main groups of disease causing fungi:

A

Ascomycota Basidiomycoda Chytridiomycota ZygoMycota

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2
Q

Example of Ascomycetes:

A

yeasts, cause:apple scab, chestnut blight, and dutch elm disease, also various cankers, leaf spots, powdery mildews.

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3
Q

Ascomycetes are? (4)

A

Obligate parasites, facultive parasites, and saphrophytes, obligate saphrophytes.

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4
Q

______ have Haploid septate, and many produce sclerotia.

A

Ascomycetes.

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5
Q

Sexual spores of ascomycetes:

A

ascospores

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6
Q

Asexual Spores of Ascomycetes:

A

conidia

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7
Q

Asexual stages usually serve as ______ innoculum, Ascospores usually are ______ innoculum,or overwintering stage.

A

secondary primary

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8
Q

Wood decay pathogens, mushrooms,puffballs, conks, smut fungi and rust fungi.

A

Basidiomycota and Basidiomycetes

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9
Q

Basidomyctoa: Smut fungi are _______

A

facultative saprophytes

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10
Q

Basidomyctoa: Rust fungi are _______

A

obligate parasites.

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11
Q

Basidomycota have ________ Hyphae and ___ ____ that form at some septa of their hyphae. Unique to this group.

A

dikaryotic, clamp connections.

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12
Q

basidospores

A

sexual spores-two hapliod nuclei fuse(Karyogamy) in basidum. then undergo meiosis to form 4 haploid nuclei. Haploid, Infect alternate host to form pycnia.(fruiting structure)

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13
Q

smut fungi produce sexual spores called

A

sporidia

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14
Q

Chlymadiospores-

A

think or doublewalled asexual resting spore developed by modification of a hyphal cell or transformation of conidial cells. can be overwintering stage.

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15
Q

Teliospores-

A

Dikaryotic spores, become diploid, germinate to form basidia and basidiospores or sporidia

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16
Q

Rust Fungi- and infection symptoms.

A

most destructive of plant diseases, attack mainly leaves and stems. appear orange,red,and white(rust colors)

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17
Q

Autoecious-

A

requires a single host to complete their life cycle.

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18
Q

Heteroecious-

A

required two unrelated plant species to complete its life cycle.

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19
Q

Pycniospores also called_______ are _______ and combine with________ to end up forming a dikaryotic mycelium.

A

spermatia asexual receptive hyphae

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20
Q

Aeciospores-

A

Dikaryotic ,asexual infects primary host. gives rise to uredinospores or teliospores. Cupshaped.

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21
Q

Urediniospores-

A

Dikaryotic, asexual. Repeating cycle of rust fungi.

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22
Q

How to manage fungual diseases:

A
  1. Correctly identify pathogen. 2.Know the disease cycle. 3.Integrated management approaches are most successful. 4.Can use avoidance,exclusion, eradication and/or protection.
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23
Q

Avoidance-

A

choose planting sites or times to avoid environmental conditions favoring disease.

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24
Q

Exclusion-

A

international or local quarantines or pathogen free seed.

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25
Q

Eradication-

A

Crop rotation, remove infected hosts, remove weed hosts, prune and remove infected parts of woody plants, disinfect tools.

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26
Q

Protection-

A

Fungicides,minimize leaf wetness, plant resistant cultivars, cultural practices.

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27
Q

Coccal -shape

A

round

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28
Q

Rod shaped-

A

bacilliform

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29
Q

Mollicutes-

A

no cell walls, only cell membranes

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30
Q

Phytoplasmas

A

pleomorphic or variably shaped

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31
Q

Spiroplasms

A

helical

32
Q

Bacteria that produce long branched filiments, live in soil and produce antibiotics.

A

Actinobacterium orActinomycetes

33
Q

cytoplasm

A

mixture of organic compounds,minerals, and water.

34
Q

Extracellular Polysaccharide(EPS)

A

Secreted by many bacteria, attached to the exterior surface of cells as slime layer(capsule). promotes disease process.

35
Q

Flagella-

A

external structures that rotate and move cells short distances.

36
Q

polar- Peritrichous-

A

located at the ends of cells. all over the cell

37
Q

Nuclear material-

A

one large circular ‘chromosome’ composed of DNA.

38
Q

Plasmids-

A

additional, smaller circular genetic material.

39
Q

Bacteria reproduce by? and explain it.

A

Fisson, cell splits in exactly 2 parts. DNA and plasmids also duplicate. may divide every 20-50 mins, and 1 can be 1million in a day.

40
Q

Fastidious-

A

cultured only on complex, specialized media.

41
Q

Gram positive-

A

thick cell walls, stain purple with gram stain procedure.

42
Q

Gram negative-

A

thin cell wall, purple stain does not maintain. stained pink, most plant pathogenic bacteria.

43
Q

Bacteria survival in soil:

A

only on plant material Saprophytically in their natural bacterial ooze.

44
Q

Bacteria survival in plants:

A

as parasites, epiphytically(on surface), on wounds or in buds, in plant exudate.

45
Q

How do bacteria move? and how do they enter plants?

A

water,insects, animals. need water to infect. through natural openings or wounds.

46
Q

Bacteria in plants

A

live and multiply in intercellualr spaces,stems, leaves,flowers and galls, degrade plant cells, colonize dead cells

47
Q

Agrobacterium

A

Rhizosphere and soil inhabitants aerobs. motile, abundant EPS Gram-negative.

48
Q

Erwinia

A

causes necrosis or wilt disease, soft rots.

49
Q

Pseudomonas

A

polar flagella, aerobes, gram negative. leaf spots, blights, wilts.

50
Q

Xanthomonas

A

Motile, one polar flagella, yellow colonies.

51
Q

Clavibacter

A

non-motile,aerobes. irregularly shaped rods.

52
Q

Streptomycets

A

produced branched,non-septate hyphae and spores (conidia) produced antibiotics, gram-positive

53
Q

Xylella

A

Nonmotile; fastidious bacteria. Live in plant xylem.

54
Q

Bacterial ooze-

A

sticky liquid composed of EPS and bacterial cells

55
Q

Symptoms of Bacteria

A

Leaf spots and blights, sort rots of fruits, roots and storage organs water soaking wilts galls scabs and cankers

56
Q

Soft rots-

A

involve parenchyma tissue of various plant organs.results in slimy decay

57
Q

Leaf Spots-

A

involve leaf and stem parenchyma cells

58
Q

Blight-

A

sever sudden and extensive spotting,discoloration, wilting, or destruction of plants or plant parts.

59
Q

Scorch-

A

Necrosis on leaf edge; looks like fire.

60
Q

Galls-

A

hyperplasia and hypertrophy

61
Q

Cankers-

A

Tissue becomes sunken following necrosis.

62
Q

Witches broom-

A

phloem colonizing bacteria

63
Q

Scabs

A

scabby lesions

64
Q

How to manage bacteria:

A

Exclusion ,eradication, and protection.

65
Q
A

Apothecium

Sexual

Ascospore

66
Q
A

Chasmothecium

Sexual

Ascospore

67
Q
A

Pycnidium

Asexual

Conidia

68
Q
A

Acervulus

asexual

Conidia

69
Q
A

Pycnidum

asexual

Conidia

70
Q
A

Telium

asexual

Basidiomycetes

71
Q
A

Aecium

Asexual

Basidiomycetes

72
Q
A

Uredium

Asexual

Basidiomycetes

73
Q
A

Zygospore

Sexual

Zygomycetes

74
Q
A

Sporangia

Asexual

Zygomycetes

75
Q
A

Plant Pathology (6 decks)

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