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Final Flashcards

1
Q

Coenocytic-

A

another name for a nonseptate hyphae.

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2
Q

Incubation period-

A

Time period from infection to appearance of symptoms

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3
Q

Necrotroph-

A

an organism that can live on living or dead hosts

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4
Q

Mycelium-

A

a tangled mass of hyphae

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5
Q

Latent period-

A

time from infection to production of secondary inoculum

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6
Q

Teleomorph-

A

term for the sexual or perfect stage of a fungus

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7
Q

Dikaryotic-

A

having two haploid cells

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8
Q

Inoculation-

A

transfer of inoculum onto the host plant

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9
Q

Necrosis-

A

death of plant tissue

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10
Q

anamorph-

A

term for the asexual or imperfect stage of a fungus

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11
Q

infection court-

A

initial site of contact between pathogen and surface of host plant

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12
Q

Hypotrophy-

A

reduction in cell size

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13
Q

Infection-

A

establishment of a pathogen within host; pathogen begins using nutrients from host.

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14
Q

Hyperplasia-

A

increase in cell number

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15
Q

Biotroph-

A

an organism that can grow and reproduce only on living hosts(obligate parasite)

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16
Q

List 3 ways that inoculum can be dispersed:

A

wind ,water, vectors

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17
Q

Symptom-

A

a physical responce of a plant to disease.

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18
Q

Sign-

A

when the physical pathogen is visible on its host

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19
Q

Infectious disease-

A

a disease that can be transmited to a healthy plant

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20
Q

Plant pathology-

A

the study of plant disease

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21
Q

Pathogen-

A

Biotic or abiotic factor that harms a plant or organism.

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22
Q

Biotroph-

A

an organism that can grow and reproduce only on living hosts(obligate parasite)
does not kill cells in advance, gets nutrients from living cells, are well adapted to one or a few related species. can invade plants at any stage.

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23
Q

3 factors of the disease triangle and a method of control for each-

A

Pathogen- chemical or cultural practices
Host- use resistant cultivars
Environment-Plant in areas where diseases are not located.

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24
Q

4 steps of Kochs Postulates for proof of pathogenicity-

A
  1. Pathogen must be consistent.
  2. Must be isolated and noted
  3. Must be able to infect a healthy plant w/ pathogen
  4. Must be able to isolate pathogen from infected plant.
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25
Q

Name 3 environmental factors that affect disease-

A

Temperature- some pathogens need warmer temps.
Water-some pathogens do well in humid or wet
Soil pH- some pathogens cannot survive in acidic soils.

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26
Q

5 MAJOR groups of plant pathogens

A
  1. Fungus
  2. Bacteria
  3. Viruses
  4. Nematodes
  5. Parasitic plants
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27
Q

Plasmogamy-

A

fusion of cells, which brings two sexually compatible nuclei into one cell. No fusion of nuclei

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28
Q

A diseased caused by environmental factors-

A

Abiotic

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29
Q

An organism that is usually parasitic but can become saprophytic-

A

Facultative Saprophyte

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30
Q

What is the term for a dense compacted aggregate of mycelium that is very resistant to unfavorable conditions-

A

Sclerotium

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31
Q

Indirect penetration-

A

when a pathogen enters through natural openings

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32
Q

Vector-

A

an organism capable of transmitting a pathogen

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33
Q

Fungi that form a symbiotic relationship by helping roots absorb nutrients:

A

mycorrhizae

34
Q

Corn smut is an example of?

A

replacement of host tissue

35
Q

Eradication-

A

removal of pathogens from infested soil and tools or from infected seeds or propagative parts.

36
Q

What is the normal chromosome content of the vegetative phase of most fungi?

37
Q

Rod shaped bacteria

A

Bacilliform

38
Q

Meloidogyne spp.

A

Root knot nematodes

39
Q

Basidiomycete fungi that are facultative saprophytes

40
Q

Plasmodium

A

a mass of cytoplasm containing many nucei but no cell wall

41
Q

Virion

A

Individual virus particle

42
Q

Bacteria that are round or spherical shaped-

43
Q

Syncytium-

A

A nematode feeding site within a plant formed by the dissolution of cell walls.

44
Q

heterodera spp.

A

Cyst nematodes

45
Q

Caspid

A

protein coat that surrounds a virus particle, made up of protein.

46
Q

Rusts-

A

Basidomycete fungi that are obligate parasites.

47
Q

Giant cell-

A

a nematode feeding site within a plant created where the plant cell nucleus divides but cell division does not occur.

48
Q

Name 3 genera of bacteria that cause plant diease

A

Erwinna
Xyella
Clavibacter

49
Q

Most plant pathogenic bacteria are_____

A

gram-negative

50
Q

Cryptobiosis-

A

how some nematodes go into dormancy

51
Q

Basidiomycete fungi are_____ most of their life cycle?

52
Q

What is the difference between nonpersistent transmisson and persistent transmission?

A

Nonpersistant can be transmitted in seconds where in persistent the virus can take longer as well as multiply and infect its host insect.

53
Q

How are prokaryotic cells different from eukaryotic cells?

A

Prokaryotic cells are single celled organisms w/o membrane bound organelles. Eukaryotic cells are multicellular and have membrane bound organelles.

54
Q

2 diseases caused by Ascomycetes:

A

Sudden death syndrome in soybeans

Dollar spot in turf

55
Q

2 diseases caused by Oomycetes:

A

Pythium root rot

Phytophtora root rot

56
Q

3 ways bacteria are dispersed?

A

Water animals and insects

57
Q

what are 2 signs of bacteria in plants?

A

Bacterial ooze,

bacterial steaming

58
Q

4 categories of disease management in fungi?

A

Avoidance- dont plant in affected area
Exclusion-quarantine
Eradication-crop rotation
Protection-Fungicide

59
Q

What type of fungi have clamp connections?

A

Basidiomycetes

60
Q

What group is not apart of the fungi kingdom?

61
Q

How do viroids differ from viruses?

A

viruses have protein coats and viroids dont

62
Q

What causes a mosaic symptoms

63
Q

Migratory endoparasite-

A

a nematode that moves withing a plant while feeding on the plant

64
Q

Bacteria that can only be cultured on complex specialized media:

A

Fastidious

65
Q

A virus particle that has 20 sides and appears to be spherical:

A

Icosahedral

66
Q

Phytoplasmas-

A

bacteria without cell walls that are pleomorphic, or variably shaped.

67
Q

Galls at the base of the stem are caused by

68
Q

what % of nematodes are plant parasites

69
Q

What is ELISA used for?

A

To identify viruses

70
Q

galls on roots are caused by?

71
Q

Zoospores-

A

motile spores with flagella that are produced by some fungal and fungus like groups.

72
Q

Is a virus alive?

A

No they require a host cell to reproduce. They cannot reproduce without a host and the energy of the host.

73
Q

What is the genus name for the sunn hemp mosaic virus?

A

Tobamovirus

74
Q

color difference between common rust and southern rust?

A

common-red

southern-orange to light brown

75
Q

one effect of anthracnose stalk rot in corn?

76
Q

What phylum(fungus group)do smut fungus belong to?

A

Basidomycotta

77
Q

SDS was first discovered in?

78
Q

Dollar spot grows activly while temperatures exceed 90F(t/F)

79
Q

What stage of root knot nematode is motile?

80
Q

What is the only sign of soybean cyst nematode?

A

the nematodes are visible in the roots.

81
Q

What are two hosts in which the stewarts wilt pathogen can survive?

A

corn and corn flea beetle

Plant Pathology (6 decks)

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