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Test 2 Flashcards

0
Q

Seconday HTN

A 
Specific etiology
Less common (10%)
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1
Q

Primary HTN

A

Nurture and nature
Idiopathic
Most common form (90%)

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2
Q

First line treatment for HTN

A

Diuretics

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3
Q

Number one use limiting side effect of ACE inhibitors

A

Intense dry cough

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4
Q

Major side effect of alpha2 agonists

A

Sedation

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5
Q

Common uses for diuretics

A

CHF
Hepatic Ascites
Nephrotic syndrome
HTN

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6
Q

4 diuretic categories

A

Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors
Loop diuretics
Thiazides
Potassium sparing diuretics

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7
Q

Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors affect on urine

A

Increased Na
Increased K
Increased Bicarb
Increased volume

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8
Q

Most efficacious of all diuretics

A

Loop diuretics

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9
Q

Loop diuretics affect on urine

A

Increase Na
Increase K
Increase Ca
Increase volume

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10
Q

1 choice for emergency edema

A

Loop diuretics

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11
Q

3 perfusion uses of loop diuretics

A

Get rid of extra fluid on bypass
Get rid of excess
Maintain urine production

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12
Q

Affect of Thiazide diuretics on urine

A

Increased Na
Increased K
Decreased Ca
Increased volume

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13
Q

Benefit of thiazides

A

Promote Ca reabsorption

Significant less decrease in bone density

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14
Q

Affect of K sparing diuretics on urine

A

Increased Na
Decreased K
Increased volume

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15
Q

Diuretic of choice for liver failure with edema

A

Spironolactone

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16
Q

1 rule when giving mannitol

A

Check bag for precipitated crystals

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17
Q

5 types of angina

A 
Classic/stable/effort-induced
Unstable
Variant/rest/vasospastic/prinzmetal
Acute coronary syndrome
Mixed
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18
Q

If patient doesn’t respond to methemoglobinemia treatment, they are lacking what enzyme?

A

Glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase

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19
Q

Calcium channel blockers in order from most cardiac effects to least

A

Verapamil>Diltiazem>Nifedipine

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20
Q

Utilized extensively to prevent radial artery spasm and maintain patency

A

Diltiazem

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21
Q

Systolic heart failure

A

Decreased contractility and EF
Thin walls
“Younger” patients

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22
Q

Diastolic heart failure

A

Decreased filling and cardiac output

Older patients

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23
Q

5 main HF Causes

A 
Ischemia (70%)
Idiopathic 
Viral
Immune-mediated
HTN
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24
Q

6 classes of QALY improving drugs

A 
Positive inotropes 
Diuretics
Renin/angiotensin blockers
Primary vasodilators
Beta blockers
Aldosterone antagonists
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25
Q

3 positive inotropes

A

Cardiac glycosides
Catecholamines
Bipyridines

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26
Q

Preferred drug for cardiac arrest

A

Epinephrine

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27
Q

Standard of care to give after AMIs

A

ACE Inhibitor

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28
Q

Vaughn Williams classification

A

1a-c: Na channel blockers

2: beta blockers
3: K channel blockers
4: Ca channel blockers

29
Q

Which class of drugs are membrane stabilizers

A

Class 1a Na channel blockers

30
Q

Side effects of Quinidine

A

Cinchonism

Tornadoes des Pointes

31
Q

DOC for ventricular arrhythmias (ESP post MI)

32
Q

Most common beta blocker for cardiac arrhythmias

A

Metoprolol

33
Q

Class of drug that is reverse use dependent blockade

A

K channel blockers

34
Q

DOC for AFib

A

Amiodarone

35
Q

Major side effects of Amiodarone

A 
Hypotension
Bradycardia
Pulmonary fibrosis
Nausea
Jaundice
Blue skin
Hypothyroidism
36
Q

Beta blocker with class III (K channel blocker) activity

37
Q

Class of antiarrhythmic most prone to cause arrhythmia

38
Q

DOC for abolishing SVT

39
Q

DOC for digoxin induced arrhythmias

A

Magnesium sulfate

40
Q

4 anemia therapies

A

Iron
Erythropoietin
B9 (Folic acid)
B12 (Cyanocobalamin)

41
Q

Anemia caused by iron deficiency

A

Hypochromic, microcytic

42
Q

Anemia caused by Folic acid deficiency

A

Megaloblastic

43
Q

Cause of pernicious anemia

A

B12 deficiency

44
Q

MOA of Hydroxyurea (Hydrea, Droxia)

A

Causes sickle cell hemoglobin to get diluted out by the formation of fetal hemoglobin, particularly with epo-alpha

45
Q

Indirect anticoagulants

A

Warfarin (Coumadin)
Heparin (Lovenox)
Fondaparinux (Arixtra)

46
Q

Direct anticoagulants

A

Lepirudin (Refludon)
Argatroban
Bivalirudin (Angiomax)

47
Q

Single most important drug used as a perfusionist

48
Q

Mg of heparin per unit

49
Q

Half life of Unfractionated Heparin vs LMWH

A

Unfractionated: 1-2hours
LMWH: 3-7hours

50
Q

Major advantage of Fondaparinux

A

Eliminates risk of HIT typeII

51
Q

MOA of Warfarin

A

Inhibits vitamin K

Blocks enzyme vitamin K epoxide reductase

52
Q

The liver requires vitamin K to produce what factors?

A

2: Prothrombin
7: Proconvertin
9: Plasma thromboplastin component
10: Stuart-Prower Factor

53
Q

Test to monitor warfarin activity

A

PT

Measures extrinsic factors

54
Q

INR (international normalized ratio) equation

A

INR= critters PT/ laboratory normal PT mean

55
Q

Reversal agent for Lepirudin

56
Q

Removal of Bivalirudin

A

Hemoconcentrator

57
Q

Measurement test for Argatroban

58
Q

Anticoagulant used for renal failure

A

Argatroban (because cleared by liver)

59
Q

Anticoagulant used for liver failure

A

Lepirudin or Bivalirudin

Both are cleared by kidneys

60
Q

Aspirin MOA

A

Irreversibly binds COX1 which modifies activity of COX2
COX2 now produces lipopoxins
Prostaglandins now blocked

61
Q

4 major clinical applications for aspirin

A

Platelets
Fever
Pain
Inflammation

62
Q

Dose of aspirin for complete platelet inactivation

63
Q

3 major side effects of aspirin

A

Bleeding
GI ulcers
Kidney damage

64
Q

Black box warnings for Ticlopidine

A

Aplastic anemia
Neutropenia
Thrombotic thrombocytopenia purpura

65
Q

Concerns/side effects for Dextrans

A

Intra of and Postop bleeding
*volume overload, particularly in heart failure and auric renal failure patients
Anaphylaxis

66
Q

Appropriate time to give thrombolytics on bypass

67
Q

Urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) inhibitor

68
Q

Affect of Protamine given by itself

A

Anticoagulant

Decreases thrombin generation by inhibiting Factor V activation

69
Q

Ways to minimize protamine reactions

A

Slow administration
Intra-aortic administration
Administration with steroids and antihistamines

70
Q

Factors present in FFP

A

1, 2, 5, 7, 9, 10, 11, 13
ATIII
Protein C and S

71
Q

Use of cryoprecipitate

A

To replace factors I, VIII, and vWF

Pharm Final Gold (12 decks)

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