Test 2 Flashcards
What causes the endometrium to grow?
High levels of progesterone and estrogen
What is the primary symptom of endometriosis
Pelvic pain often associated with your menstural period
What is aim therapy of endometriosis
Suppress levels of estrogen and progesterone which cause the endometrium to grow
What is a cystocele
Occurs when the posterior bladder wall protrudes downward through the anterior vaginal wall
What is a rectocele
Occurs when the rectum sags and pushes against the posterior vaginal wall
What is a enterocele
Occurs when the small intestine bulges through the posterior vaginal wall (common with straining)
What are the four most common types of pelvic and genital prolapse
Cystocele
Rectocele
Enterocele
Uterine prolapse
What is a uterine prolapse
Occurs when the uterus descends through the pelvic floor and into the vaginal canal
What are at particular risk for uterine prolapse
Multiparous women
What is a pessary?
Synthetic device inserted into vagina to provide support to the bladder and other pelvic organs as a corrective measure for urine incontinence and/or pelvic organ prolapse
What is surgery for uterine prolapse
Hysterectomy—this is used if you can’t treat it with anything else
Which are more common: cervical or endocervical polyps?
Endocervical polyps
When do cervical polyps often occur
After menarche
Who are endocervical polyps common in?
Multiparous women ages 40-60
Therapeutic management of polyps
Usually consist of simple removal with small forceps done on an outpatient basis, or removal during hysterectomy or D&C
Color of endocervical polyps
Cherry red
Color of cervical polyps
Grayish-white
Fibroids are ______ dependent and grow rapidly during childbearing years
Estrogen
Untreated PCOS=
At risk for endometrial cancer
What is the most common bacterial STI in the US
Chlamydia
What is herpes
Recurrent lifelong viral infection
What is second most reported STI in US
Syphilis
What is trichomoniasis
Sexually transmitted infection caused by the parasite Trichomonas vaginalis. Not caused by bacteria or virus!
What do you also treat when treating PID
Bacterial vaginosis
What is PID frequently from
Untreated chlamydia or gonorrhea
Is cervical dysplasia cancer?
No. It indicates abnormal cells were found on the surface of the cervix
With abnormal pap what may doctor recommend
Hpv test and colposcopy
What is most common gynecologic malignancy
Endometrial cancer
What is the major initial symptom of endometrial cancer
Painless vaginal bleeding
Most common STI
HPV
What are symptoms like with ovarian cancer
Very vague. Typically not diagnosed until stage 3 or 4
Who is vulvar cancer common in
Older women (mid 60s-70s)
What are signs of hypovolemic shock
Hypotension, tachycardia, weak and thready pulse, rapid shallow respirations, oliguria
What will happen if uterine atony is left untreated
Will result in postpartum hemorrhage and may result in uterine inversion
Should you express clots before the uterus becomes firmly contracted?
No because pushing on an in contracted uterus can invert the uterus and result in extensive hemorrhage
What is subinvolution
Failure of the uterus to resume to its prepregnant state and may result in late postpartum bleeding
What is inversion of the uterus?
The turning out of the uterus and may be partial or complete. Emergency situation and can result in postpartum hemorrhage and requires immediate intervention
What is postpartum depression characterized by
Tearfulness, insomnia, lack of appetite, and feeling letdown
Excessive blood loss with a pad saturated in ____ minutes or less is a sign of postpartum hypovolemic shock
15
Major complication of uterine atony
Postpartum hemorrhage
What are often the first sings of inadequate blood volume
Decreasing BP and rising pulse
What is the most common cause of secondary dysmenorrhea
Endometriosis
Where are Bartholins glands located
Each side of the vaginal opening
What do Bartholins glands do
Secrete fluid that helps lubricate the vagina
What is most effective treatment for syphilis
Penicillin
Do syphilis lesions hurt?
They don’t hurt even though they look like they would
What are chlamydia and gonorrhea treated with
Antibiotic
What medication would you use to treat somebody if they were allergic to penicillin
Doxycycline
Ectoderm
Forms the CNS, special senses, skin and glands
Mesoderm
Ford skeletal, urinary, circulatory, and reproductive organs
Endoderm
Forms respiratory system, liver, pancreas, and digestive system
