Test 2 Flashcards
granulation tissue
beefy, red, bumpy, shiny tissue in the base of an ulcer
epithelial tissue
pale or dark pink skin, first appears as wound borders
eschar
thick, hard, leathery black tissue; indicates dry, necrotic tissue
Slough
soft, yellow necrotic tissue
Macerated tissue
indicates too much water, white at edges
Purulent
yellow, green, white or tan;thick and opaque
Sanguineous
red with thin, watery consistency; indicates new vessel growth or disruption of blood vessels
Serous
clear, light color with thin, watery consistency
Serosanguineous
light red or pink with thin, watery consistency
collagens
wound healing by stimulating the deposit of collagen fibers
Hydrocolloids
carbohydrate based material and maintain moist wound bed
Hydrogels
made with water or glycerin base
Allignate
made from seaweed, can absorb large amounts of exudate
Fistula
abnormal passage between an organ or vessel
Calcium channel blocker
decrease the entry of calcium into vascular smooth muscle cells
Diuretics
increase the excretion of sodium and urine
Expectorants
increase respiratory secretions which help loosen muscles
Nitrates
decrease ischemia through smooth muscle relaxation and dilation
Beta Blockers
decrease myocardial oxygen demand by decreasing heart rate and contractability
Anticoagulant
inhibit platelet aggregation and thrombus formation
Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibator
decrease blood pressure and afterload by supressing a specific enzyme
5 functions of skin
find out
Superficial/1st Degree Burns
Epidermis layer damage
Signs: Redness, Slight Edema, Painful
Minimal tissue damage
Heals without scarring
Superficial Partial Thickness/2nd Degree Burn
Epidermis and the upper portion of the dermis
Full or partial loss of sweat and hair follicles
Very Painful as nerves exposed
Deep Partial Thickness /2nd degree Burns
Complete destruction of the epidermis and majority of the dermis
Diminished pain sensation (nerve endings destruction)
Color: Red or Waxy and white
Wet surface from broken blisters
Marked edema
Heals with scar formation
Full Thickness/3rd degree Burn
Complete destruction of the epidermis and dermis through to subcutaneous tissue
May have damage of muscle, bone and interstitial tissues
Color charred or translucent white
Loss of pain sensation
Eschar formation
Rule of Nines
Chart estimates the surface area or the size of a burn injury
Divides the body into 11 segments of 9% and genitals 1% each
Inflammation:
normal immune response; initial vasoconstriction, then vasodilation; increased blood flow facilitates healing: increased oxygen to area, phagocytic cells, cleans wound in preparation for permanent repair
Proliferation:
new tissue fills wounds as fibroblasts secrete collagen; angiogenesis occurs; granulation; epithelialization
Remodeling
: type III collagen converts to type I; decreased capillaries; scar contracts and matures
Nutrients that must be present for a healing wound
Iron Vitamin B12 Folic acid Vitamin C Zinc Vitamin A High protein
Vitamin B12 and folic acid: essential for RBCs to deliver oxygen to tissues
Vitamin c and zinc: for tissue repair
Vitamin A: stimulate collagen cross-linking
Protein: provides amino acids build new tissues
imary intention
Surgical wounds
Approximating wound edges can occur through use of sutures, staples, glue, skin grafts or skin flaps
Secondary intention
Wound heals on its own
Wound will close by contraction, re-epithelialization or a combination of both
Tertiary intention
AKA delayed primary closure
Allowed to heal by secondary intention and then is closed by primary intention
Partial thickness burns:
Cleansed with mild soap and dressed with topical agent
Antimicrobial ointment
5 functions of skin
protection sensory perception Thermoregulation excretion metabolism & Synthesize absorption
allograft/homograft
temporary from human cadaver
Autograft
cadaver taken from pts body
Heterograft/Xenograft
animal graft
Dermatome
tool used to cut donor skin
split-thickness graft
skin graft that contains the epidermus and superfiscial dermis
goals of skin graft
stimulate new skin growth, reduce heat loss
blocks infection
minimize fluid
electrolyte and protein loss.
grannulation
red
slough
yellow
eshar
black
how to prevent contractures
opposite positions and anterior hyperextension position
Stratum corneum
water proofing and protection
stratum lucidrem
protect from infection
stratum grannulation
new skin formulas
stratum spinosum
stratum basale
melanocytes formation
cellulitus
periwound inf
red, infected
Infection side affects
fever pain redness sweling pain and odor
antimicrodal dressing
silver or iodine
to inhibit bacteria
venous positioning
elevate limb
arterial positioning
dependent
lymphatic positioning
elevate limb
aging + wounds
LESS o2 elatisity immunity durmal mass durable
VENOUS ulcer
medial shallow irregular hemondrin
Arterial ulcer
lateral deep smooth edges diminished pulse
lymphatic ulcer
irregular shallow oozing moist or blistered in skin edges is firm with fibrotic edema and cellulites.
