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PTA 160 > Final > Flashcards

Final Flashcards

1
Q

To be considered functionally independent, a person must be able to walk at which speed?

A

1 MPH

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2
Q

Bradycardia-

A

60bpm

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3
Q

-Tachycardia-

A

100 bpm

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4
Q

Thrombus-

A

a blood clot that forms in a blood vessel and remain at the site of formation

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5
Q

Embolus-

A

blood clot that becomes lodged in a blood vessel and obstructs it flow

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6
Q

-Myocardial infarction-

A

heart attack

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7
Q

-Angina pectoris

A

chest pain, unable to supply the heart with enough oxygen

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8
Q

What is stroke volume?

A

-Amount of blood pumped out by the L ventricle in one contraction

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9
Q

Chambers of the heart and where the blood goes

A

-Sup/inferior vena cava, R atrium, tricuspid valve, R ventricle, pulmonary artery, lungs, pulmonary veins, L atrium, bicuspid/mitral valve, L ventricle, aorta.

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10
Q
  • Right atrium/ ventricle
A

Body

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11
Q

-Left atrium/ventricle-

A

Lungs

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12
Q

CHF left or right

A

-The heart’s inability to pump blood: (L) pulmonary edema, (R) LE dependent edema

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13
Q

Cardiac drugs-

A

Nitroglycerin dilates arteries to ↓ angina, treat HTN –– ACE inhibitor, Beta blocker, Calcium Channel blocker - in conjunction with diuretic ↑ BP and leads to OH

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14
Q

Signs of Angina/MI

A

hand to chest

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15
Q

Angina-

A

Temporary pain, suddent onset, pain may radiate, last 1-5 min, relieved with rest or nitroglycerin

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16
Q

MI-

A

sudden constant pain or pressure, pain radiate up neck and down arm, SOB, profuse perspiration, unexplained fatigue

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17
Q

-Vital Capacity-

A

volume of air expelled from lungs by max exhalation after max inhalation

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18
Q

Residual volume

A

volume of air remaining in lungs after maximum exhalation-Which airway constriction is reversible: Asthma

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19
Q

-Hypoxemia-

A

-Below norm 02 content in arterial blood due to deficient oxygenation of theblood and result to hypoxia (lower than normal oxygen concentration in arterial blood)

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20
Q

-Hypoxia:

A

loower than normal oxygen level in tissues

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21
Q

Cyanosis

A

bluish color of the skin and mucous membranes caused by an insufficient amount of oxygen in the blood

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22
Q

-apnea-

A

cessation of breathing

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23
Q

Know what COPD

A

A combination of airway narrowing, parenchymal (tissue of an organ) destruction and pulmonary vascular thickening- Difficulty getting air out - Residual volume increase - Exhale 2x as long- PLB

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24
Q

Pursed lip

A

breathe out 2x as long, no accessory muscles,

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25
Q

Diaphragmatic

A

→ use diaphragm

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26
Q

Pulmonary edema positioning

A

Do not elevate feet as it increases pulmonary pressure. Head at 30-45 degree

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27
Q

Physical changes with COPD

A

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; blue bloater, pink puffer, barrel chest, clubbed fingers

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28
Q

Stratum corneum

A

superficial, waterproof layer

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29
Q

Stratum basal

A

deep, contains melanocytes

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30
Q

Epidermis

A

outermost layer, contain melanocytes, Langerhans cell, and merkel cell

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31
Q

Dermis-

A
  • papillary dermis and reticular dermis, contain blood and lymphatic vessels, nerve fiber, hair follicles, sweat and sebaceous glands
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32
Q

Subcutaneous-

A

contain major blood vessel, lymph vessels and nerve

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33
Q

Inflammation

A

WBC’s move in, macrophages, granulocytes, redness, warmth, swelling

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34
Q

Proliferation

A

Healthy blood supply, nutrients, proteins provide highly vascular granulation tissue

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35
Q

Maturation

A

Fibroblasts secrete collagen to form scar tissue, wound begins to heal

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36
Q

Inflammation:

A

normal tissue respond Increase blood flow for healing Vasoconstriction then vasodilation

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37
Q

Proliferation:

A

Angiogenesis (blood vessels/capillaries)
Granulation tissue (beefy red)
epithelization (new tissue fills wound)
Fibroblast secrete collagen

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38
Q

Remodeling:

A

Type III to Type I collagen, scar contracts and mature, decreased capillaries

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39
Q

Primary intention-

A

surgical wound

40
Q

Secondary intention

A

wound heals on its own

41
Q

Tertiary intention-

A

-allow to heal by secondary intention and then is closed by primary intention

42
Q

Intrinsic factors

A

condition within the body that contribute to abnormal healing

43
Q

Extrinsic factors-

A

influences that come from outside the body

44
Q

Iatrogenic factors-

A

injury or illness that occurs as the result of medical care

45
Q

Age related changes to the skin

A 
Slower turnover rate in epidermal cells
Poor oxygenation to wound
↓ immune system function
↓ Dermal and subcutaneous mass
↓ Skin strength
46
Q

Alginate

A

seaweed, ↑ absorption, autolytic

47
Q

Antimicrobial

A

inhibit bacteria, used on infected wounds

48
Q

Foam:

A

H20 evaporates, allows oxygen, wicks moisture

49
Q

Hydrogels

A

: hydrates wounds, softens necrotic tissue, minimal absorption

50
Q

Hydrocolloids

A

Carbohydrate based, maintains moist, minimal absorption helps autolytic debridement

51
Q

Goals of custom made compression garments after burns

A

↓ Scar formation

52
Q

Which burns need a skin graft?

A

Full thickness

53
Q

Allograft/Homograft:

A

human cadaver

54
Q

Autograft:

A

permanent form patient’s body, usually back of leg

55
Q

Heterograft/Xenograft:

A

porary from an animal

56
Q

Split thickness skin graft:

A

: contains epidermis and superficial dermis

57
Q

Full thickness skin graft:

A

: contains epidermis and dermis

58
Q

Goals of skin grafts

A

Skin regrowth, ↓ heat loss, ↓ fluid/electrolyte/protein loss, block infection

59
Q

Prevention, positions, and treatment of venous and arterial LE ulcers

A

V: irregular edges, elevated to alleviate pain, semi painful
A: smooth edges, level or dependent positioning, seriously painful

60
Q

Appearance of skin with ulcers

A

Red: granulation, healthy. Yellow: slough. Black: necrotic, eschar

61
Q

Granulation

A

beefy red, bumpy, shiny tissue in the base of an ulcer

62
Q

Epithelial

A

pale or dark pink ,first appears at wound bases

63
Q

Slough-

A

soft, yellow necrotic tissue

64
Q

Eschar

A

thick hard leathery black tissue

65
Q

Macerated

A

white edges, too much water

66
Q

Early concerns for an amputee

A

Edema, infection, dehiscence (burst)

67
Q

Phantom limb pain

A

Feeling shooting, burning, cramping pain in the missing limb, it can be localized, diffuse, continuous, or intermittent

68
Q

Why does an LE amputee need to lie prone?

A

↓ Contractures, to prevent contracture

69
Q

What is the benefit of an early temporary prosthesis?

A

↓ Edema, ↑ ambulation

70
Q

Prosthesis can accommodate up to how many degrees of a knee or hip flexion contracture?

A

15o

71
Q

What’s the leading cause of amputation

A

PVD- peripheral vascular disease

72
Q

What do you do if a pt becomes violent?

A

Remove everyone else from the room, contact PT and security if possible.

73
Q

What do you do if a pt becomes agitated?

A

Find the source of the problem and address it.

74
Q

Know Joint Mob Grades

A
  • Grade I – small amplitude movement at the beginning of the available ROM
  • Grade II – large amplitude movement at within the available ROM
  • Grade III – large amplitude movement that reaches the end ROM
  • Grade IV – small amplitude movement at the very end range of motion
  • Grade V – high velocity thrust of small amplitude at the end of the
75
Q

Arthrokinematics-

A

Unobservable articular accessory motion between adjacent joint surfaces (roll, spin, glide)

76
Q

Osteokinematics-

A

observable movement of the bones (sagittal, frontal, horizontal)

77
Q

Arthrokinematic Roll

A

New points on one surface come into contact with new points on the other surface

78
Q

Arthrokinematic glide

A

Motion in which one constant point on one surface is contacting new points or a series of points on the other surface

79
Q

Arthrokinematic Spin

A

Rotation around a longitudinal stationary mechanical axis (one point of contact)

  • Convex jt. Surface move on a stationary concave jt. Surface (opposite direction
  • Concave jt. Surface move about a stationary convex jt. Surface (same direction)
80
Q

Empty can:

A

Supraspinatus.

81
Q

Neer

A

: Impingement.

82
Q

Lift off

A

tear Subscap

83
Q

Cross over

A

AC joint.

84
Q

O’Brien:

A

Labrum

85
Q

Apprehension:

A

Anterior dislocation.

86
Q

Core muscles

A

Rectus abs, transverse abs, internal and external abdominals obliques, erectors spinae, multifidi, etc.

87
Q

Weak Core

A

Poor posture, balance, pain, asymmetry

88
Q

Strong Core:

A

: ↓ stress in back, neck, shoulders

89
Q

ADA- American w/ disabilities Act

A

A physical or mental impairment that substantially limits one or more major life activity

90
Q

Athletic tape-

A

(white tape)- stability and support- remove after activity

91
Q

Kinesotape-

A 
stability and proprioception
Circulation
- edema
- Separate tissue
- Gate theory
- Ecchymosis
92
Q

Exccessive Knee Flexion

A

Contracture

Insufficient plantar flexion

93
Q

Circumduction

A

Medial side too high/ high medial wall
Inadequate suspension
Weak quads
Knee socket loose

94
Q

Cardiac rehab:

A

2 days post MI (phase 1), increase HR 10-25 above resting HR, Phase 3 (outpatient, PRE-progressive resistant exercise)

95
Q

Stages of progression ex:

A

inflammation/ protection (splinting and bracing), isometric ex, AROM, concentric, eccentric, plyometric

96
Q

To reduce stress on supraspinatus after tear

A

slightly abduct arm with pillow

97
Q

Know

A

what the metatarsal bar does as an external modification to a shoe ( from the last test)

PTA 160 (5 decks)

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